Water and sanitation services for the very poor remain grossly deficient over large areas of the globe, and financing water and sanitation improvements for these people remains a major challenge. This paper proposes six Key Solutions to overcome this challenge. We urge financing institutions, governments and service providers worldwide to put these Key Solutions into practice: 1) Use life-cycle...

BACKGROUND Though past studies have shown wide variation in aggregate hospital price indices and specific procedures, few have documented or explained such variation for distinct and common episodes of care. OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the variability in charges for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a drug-eluting stent and without major complications (MS-DRG-247), and determi...

A number of recent papers find that the volatility implied by index option prices significantly overstates future stock market volatility. We investigate whether this bias is purely due to measurement error and model misspecification, or whether the bias is also apparent in option market prices. We accomplish this by examining the profits for trading strategies designed to exploit the apparent ...

Regulation on infrastructure pricing affects various aspects, including demand, social welfare, and investment in transport management, as well intramodal intermodal competition. This study develops a game theoretic model that derives the charges (set by operators) fare prices associated profit welfare equilibrium. Key analytical insights concern joint effect of product differentiation operator...

Extending earlier work, we provide predictions obtained with the Monte Carlo generator PROPHECY4f for the decays H → ZZ/WW → 4l including the complete electroweak O(α) corrections and some higher-order improvements. The gauge-boson resonances are described in the complex-mass scheme. Here, particular attention is paid to a comparison of different final states with identical charges, such as e +...

Extending earlier work, we provide predictions obtained with the Monte Carlo generator PROPHECY4f for the decays H → ZZ/WW → 4l including the complete electroweak O(α) corrections and some higher-order improvements. The gauge-boson resonances are described in the complex-mass scheme. Here, particular attention is paid to a comparison of different final states with identical charges, such as e +...

A negative flow-sharing approach to allocate transmission transaction charges among users of transmission services is proposed. The approach uses the properties of the MW-mile method but takes into account the economic benefits of both trading parties by analysing their shares in negative power flow or counterflow. This approach is incorporated with the justified distribution factor for power f...

Taking into account competitive markets, manufacturers attend more customer’s personalization. Accordingly, build-to-order systems have been given more attention in recent years. In these systems, the customer is a very important asset for us and has been paid less attention in the previous studies. This paper introduces a new build-to-order problem in the supply chain. This study focuses on bo...

enterprise (MSE) sector for the growth and development of economies in the Pacific subregion and on the other, the financing constraints of the sector, the authors surveyed a group of MSEs in a Pacific island country and found that the sector may be particularly constrained by bank interest rates, fees and charges, and collateral requirements. This situation holds implications for policy, and t...