Ustilago maydis is a fungal pathogen of maize. Some strains of U. maydis encode secreted polypeptide toxins capable of killing other susceptible strains of U. maydis. We show here that one of these toxins, the KP6 killer toxin, is synthesized by transgenic tobacco plants containing the viral toxin cDNA under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter. The two components of the KP6 toxin...

Within the US alone, there are approximately 28,600 networked Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) institutions, 2 million miles of oil/gas pipelines, 2,800 power plants with 300,000 production sites, 104 nuclear power plants, 80,000 dams, 60,000 chemical plants, 87,000 food processing plants, and 1,600 water treatment plants. And, this is just part of our national infrastructure. Add t...

This article investigates the motives for mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the U.S. meat products industry from 1977 to 1992. Results show that acquired meat and poultry plants were very productive before mergers, and that all but the very largest meat slaughter and processing plants and all but the bottom 20% of the poultry slaughter and processing plants significantly improved their product...

Harborage of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on animal hides at slaughter is the main source of beef carcass contamination during processing. Given this finding, interventions have been designed and implemented to target the hides of cattle following entry into beef processing plants. Previous interventions targeting hides have not been suitable for all beef processing plants because of...

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Salmonellae contamination of chicken carcasses in slaughterhouses in central Iran (Yazd province). 435 samples were obtained from liver, breast— before and after chilling—and bacteriological and serological examinations were done. The results showed that the rate of contamination of liver, breast meat—before and after chiller—were 8.1, 18....