1. Wood density is considered a key functional trait influencing the growth and survival of woody plants and has been shown to be related to a slow-fast rate-of-living continuum. Wood density is, however, an emergent trait arising from several vascular properties of wood, including the diameter and frequency of xylem conduits. 2. We aimed to test the hypotheses that there is a set of inter-rela...

A number of important anatomical features and chemical composition in opposite, normal, and compression wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies) were evaluated to optimally utilize spruce logs containing compression wood. A comparison of axial tracheid and ray cell features in the opposite, normal, and compression wood was provided. Lignin, cellulose, acetone-soluble, and water-soluble extractive co...

influences of the wood fiber acetylation as well as the compatibilizer mapp on water absorption, thickness swelling and dimensional stability of acetylated wood/ polypropylene composites (wpcs) were the main concerns of this research. wood fibers were acetylated with acetic anhydride without using any catalyst to achieve weight percent gains (wpgs) of 4.5, 7.5 and 17.6%. the acetylated fibers w...

CONTEXT Wood specific gravity is a key element in tropical forest ecology. It integrates many aspects of tree mechanical properties and functioning and is an important predictor of tree biomass. Wood specific gravity varies widely among and within species and also within individual trees. Notably, contrasted patterns of radial variation of wood specific gravity have been demonstrated and relate...

An early focus on structural use of processed rather than round timber resulted in an underestimation of the structural advantages of retaining the natural form of small-diameter round timber. In the round and tapered form, timbers are not susceptible to the strength-reducing effects of diving grain and exposed juvenile wood. Fiber continuity around knots on the surface of a debarked log rarely...

It is helpful to develop agent-based model based on a structured procedure. The chosen traditional software engineering approach is mainly composed of five phases: 1) the analysis of the observed system; 2) the model development; 3) the detailed design; 4) the actual software implementation; and 5) the model’s evaluation. The different phases are briefly described by the respective goals, tasks...

in this research work, it was planned to study influences of hydrothermal treatment temperature, holding time and press temperature on wood density, spring back, moisture absorption as well as dimensional stability of combined-hydro-thermo-mechanically modified poplar wood. wood blocks were treated hydrothermally at temperatures 120, 150 and 180°c for holding time of 0, 30 and 90 min. afterward...

Wood is a porous three dimensional, hydroscopic, viscoelastic, anisotropic bio-polymer composite composed of an interconnecting matrix of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin with minor amounts of inorganic elements and organic extractives. Some, but not all, of the cell wall polymer hydroxyl groups are accessible to moisture and these accessible hydroxyls form hydrogen bonds with water. As the...

Whatever the species considered, trees reorient their axis by a very active mechanical action driven by variations of cambial activity. These variations of cambial activity will lead to variations in anatomy and ultrastructure of the xylem to achieve this biomechanical function, forming a type of wood called reaction wood, i.e. tension wood in angiosperms and compression wood in gymnosperms. Th...