Groundwater is one of our most valuable natural resource. More than 50% of the U.S. population depends on groundwater for domestic use and more than 95% of the rural population is dependent on groundwater. A major portion of industries and agriculture use groundwater. These numbers suggest that the personal and economic health of the nation is dependent on groundwater. Contamination of groundwa...

a simple highly versatile and efficient sonochemical synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted and 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles is achieved by condensation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compound, aldehyde, ammonium acetate and primary amine using antimony trichloride immobilized on silica gel (sio2-osbcl2) as a catalyst in ethanol at moderate temperature. operational simplicity, practicability and applicabi...

two  simple  protocols  for  the  synthesis  of  1,  2,  4,  5-  tetrasubstitutedimidazoles  using  nano-spa  as  a  reusable,  eco-  friendly,  inexpensive,  and  efficient  catalyst  are  reported.  short   reaction  times,  high  yields,  scale-up  and  easy  workup  are  the   advantages of these protocols.

Banana blossom is a source of anthocyanin that potentially utilized as natural dyes in the food industry. Anthocyanin from banana can be extracted using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) and maceration method. ultrasonic causes cavitation effect thereby provide an efficiency extraction time if compared with This study aimed to determine duration sonication treatment on total extract. Experim...

PURPOSE We evaluated the delivery efficiency of intravenously injected large molecular agents, before and after disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB-D), induced by focused ultrasound (FUS) using various acoustic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with Evans blue (EB) before or after BBB-D induction by pulsed FUS. We used a 1.0 MHz puls...

Isolated murein sacculi of Escherichia coli PA3092 were physically ruptured by sonication. Electron microscopical analysis showed that the rupturing occurred preferentially prependicular to the long axis of the cell. The fragmentation of the sacculi increased with longer sonication times. It was found that the extent of cross-linkage was more affected by the sonication than was the average glyc...

Fabrication of the strain-gated inverter (SGI) The SGI was fabricated by bonding two ZnO NWs laterally on a Dura-Lar film. The thickness of the Dura-Lar film is 0.5 mm. The ZnO NWs were synthesized via a physical vapor deposition method reported elsewhere [32] and typically have diameters of 300 nm and lengths of 400 μm (Fig. 1a). The films were first cleaned with acetone, isopropyl alcohol and...

Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biofuels because of their capability to produce lipids. Cell disruption is necessary to maximize lipid extraction. Sonication conditions were evaluated for breaking heterotrophic (Schizochytrium limacinum) and autotrophic (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) microalgae cells. Cell disruption was estimated by Nile red-lipids fluorescence quantification in S. limac...

This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of blanching and sonication on carrot juice quality. Carrots were blanched at 100 °C for 4 min in normal and acidified water. Juice was extracted and sonicated at 15 °C for 2 min keeping pulse duration 5 s on and 5 s off (70% amplitude level and 20 kHz frequency). No significant effect of blanching and sonication was observed on Brix, pH...