Proactive interferencebuilds up with exposure to multiple lists of similar items with a resulting reduction in recall. This study examined the effectiveness of using a proactive strategy of the method of loci to reduce proactive interference in a list recall paradigm of categorically similar words. While all participants reported using some form of strategy to recall list words, this study demo...

Higher education is in flux with more precarity, a stronger focus on effectiveness, and productivity having resulted competitive hostile culture. For this article, we take proactive approach to counteract the narrative of silencing by exploring opportunities collaboration may afford. Drawing our personal experiences, professional knowledge, research, engaged collaborative form poetic inquiry. O...

Previous studies on incidental focus form (FonF) have mostly focused its overall effectiveness. This study is an attempt to further examine the effectiveness of FonF with regard different linguistic categories (vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation). To this end, eight hours a free discussion English as foreign language (EFL) class 12 upper-intermediate learners were observed, instances episod...

There are two main transportation engineering approaches to improving road safety: reactive and proactive. The traditional reactive approach consists of implementing the necessary improvements to existing hazardous (black-spot) sites in order to improve safety at these sites. The proactive approach is a collision prevention approach that tries to prevent unsafe road conditions from occurring in...

Across 3 experiments, we examined the interplay of part-list cuing and forgetting, employing 3 different methods to induce episodic forgetting-list--method directed forgetting, context-dependent forgetting, and proactive interference. For each form of forgetting, participants were asked at test to recall the target items of a previously studied list in the presence or the absence of the list's ...

Retrieval practice has been shown to protect against the negative effects of previously learned information on the learning of subsequent information, while increasing retention of new information. We report three experiments investigating the impact of retrieval practice on false recall in a multiple list paradigm. In three different experimental designs participants studied blocks of interrel...