BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Open surgery for choledochal cyst has a disadvantage of skin incision scar from operative wound, which can be a definite disadvantage especially in young female patients. This study focused on the cosmetic aspect of skin incision for resection of choledochal cyst in young female patients. METHODS During a 2-year study period, 11 adult female patients aged less than 40 years u...

in this paper, we introduce and study the prime, strongly prime,semiprime and irreducible fuzzy bi-ideals of a semigroup. we characterize thosesemigroups for which each fuzzy bi-ideal is semiprime. we also characterizethose semigroups for which each fuzzy bi-ideal is strongly prime.

background  buccal fat pad is known as anatomic structure in between the masticatory muscles that separate these muscles from each other and surrounding bone. ease of access, through the intraoral route makes it suitable choice for obtaining adipose derived stem cells. methods  intraoral incisions for getting access to the buccal fat of pad are; retromolar incision, incision in medial of pteryg...

An optimal clear corneal incision creates a self-sealing intrastomal tunnel. Variability in incision length may pose surgical difficulties for subsequent phacoemulsification. An incision that is too long may lead to challenges including decreased instrument mobility, decreased visibility due to corneal striae, stromal hydration, and a difficult angle of approach to the cataract. These sequelae ...

HYPOTHESIS Current techniques for open conventional thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy have evolved to enable a shorter incision (main proposition), and the length of the incision is influenced by objective factors. DESIGN Case series. SETTING University referral center. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION Retrospective study of the most recent 200 primary consecutive routine thyroid and parathyroi...

BACKGROUND Various incisions and approaches have been developed for lateral neck dissection. The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical and cosmetic outcomes of a single low transverse incision with the hockey stick incision for lateral neck dissection (LND) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 97 patients with PTC who underwent th...