Dental caries is a chronic, bio-behavioural disease that extends throughout the life span of human beings. Prevention of dental caries includes measures to prevent the occurrence of disease, such as risk factor reduction, but also to arrest the progress of disease and reduce consequences of the disease once it is established. Preventive measures like fluoride therapy and pit and fissure sealant...

BACKGROUND A safe and effective vaccine for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a global priority. We tested the efficacy of a DNA prime-recombinant adenovirus type 5 boost (DNA/rAd5) vaccine regimen in persons at increased risk for HIV-1 infection in the United States. METHODS At 21 sites, we randomly assigned 2504 men or transgender women who have sex ...

Introduction HIV transmission occurs predominantly across mucosal surfaces. An ideal preventive strategy would be to target HIV at mucosal entry sites to prevent infection. We developed a novel epithelial stem cells-based AIDS preventive approach in female macaques. This approach is based on the ability of therapeutic lentiviral vectors integrated in mucosal epithelial stem cells to induce viru...

OBJECTIVE To prepare for new adolescent vaccinations by examining current use of adolescent outpatient health care visits throughout the United States. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of visits. SETTING Outpatient hospital- and office-based practices in the United States included in the 1994-2003 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. ...

The immune correlates of risk analysis and recent non-human primate (NHP) challenge studies have generated hypotheses that suggest HIV-1 envelope may be essential and, perhaps, sufficient to induce protective antibody responses against HIV-1 acquisition at the mucosal entry. New prime-boost mosaic and conserved-sequence, together with replicating vector immunisation strategies aiming at inducin...

OBJECTIVE Our goal was to examine the association of continuous care in the medical home and health insurance on up-to-date vaccination coverage by using data from the National Survey of Children's Health and the National Immunization Survey. METHODS Interviews were conducted with 5400 parents of 19- to 35-month-old children to collect data on demographics and medically-verified vaccinations....

Following mass population displacements in South Sudan, preventive cholera vaccination campaigns were conducted in displaced persons camps before a 2014 cholera outbreak. We compare cholera transmission in vaccinated and unvaccinated areas and show vaccination likely halted transmission within vaccinated areas, illustrating the potential for oral cholera vaccine to stop cholera transmission in ...

Prophylactic HPV vaccination of both quadrivalent and bivalent vaccines has already been approved in Spain and is gaining popularity among Spanish women. Other European countries show similar trends. With the use of vaccines against HPV, especially the tetravalent vaccine, in the short or medium-term there will be a lower rate of abnormal cytological results in vaccinated women, which is based ...

The study set out to investigate what influences the intentions of college students to get vaccinated against genital human papillomavirus (HPV). College men and women were surveyed to understand their intentions. Regression was used and supported that the constructs of the health belief model (HBM) as well as gender, norms, and information seeking contributed to predicting intent to receive th...