Reelin controls neuronal positioning in the developing brain by binding to the two lipoprotein receptors, very-low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E receptor 2, to stimulate phosphorylation of Disabled-1 (Dab1) by the Fyn and Src tyrosine kinases. Crk and Crk-like (CrkL) have been proposed to interact with tyrosine phosphorylated Dab1 to mediate downstream events in the Reelin p...

Cortical development involves complex interactions between neurons and non-neuronal elements including precursor cells, blood vessels, meninges and associated extracellular matrix. Because they provide a suitable organotypic environment, cortical slice explants are often used to investigate those interactions that control neuronal differentiation and development. Although beneficial, the slice ...

During cerebral cortex development, different cell populations migrate tangentially through the preplate, traveling from their site of origin toward their final positions. One of the earliest populations formed, the Cajal-Retzius (C-R) cells, is mainly generated in different cortical hem (CH) domains, and they migrate along established and parallel routes to cover the whole cortical mantle. In ...

Using a fetal brain slice culture system that recapitulates early cortical plate (CP) development, we screened the "Diversity Set" chemical library from the National Cancer Institute in order to identify molecules that interfere with radial migration and CP formation and identified 11 candidate molecules. Although most compounds had broadly similar effects, histological and immunohistochemical ...

vital decisions made at the strategic level in an organization are not only intricate but also costly to alter. it is therefore important to find a comprehensive approach to deal with such a possibility. one of the major problems of a common balanced scorecard (bsc)-based model in strategic management is lack of a ranking system for strategic objectives in order to enable prioritization of the ...

labor pain is a cause of stress and suffering; for which many women seek methods to relieve this pain. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of relaxation techniques on pain relief during labor. this study was carried out on 62 pregnant women referred to fatemieh hospital (hamadan, iran) during their labor. they were selected using convenience sampling and were divided randomly in t...

The developing cerebral cortex contains apical and basal types of neurogenic progenitor cells. Here, we investigated the cellular properties and neurogenic output of basal progenitors, also called intermediate neuronal progenitors (INPs). We found that basal mitoses expressing transcription factor Tbr2 (an INP marker) were present throughout corticogenesis, from embryonic day 10.5 through birth...