Tooth agenesis is the most common of all dental developmental disorders. The mandibular second premolars are the teeth most commonly found missing (2.2 to 4.1%) after the third molars. There are more studies on tooth agenesis than the other malformations but yet they are limited. This article reviews the studies related to agenesis of mandibular second premolars and the underlying mechanisms be...

History and Physical Examination Findings A 2-year-old 32-kg (70.5 lb) spayed female mixed-breed dog was referred to the Animal Hospital of Verona for evaluation of a cystic lesion of the oral cavity. Previous examination had not yielded a definitive diagnosis. Oral examination revealed a purple to pink swelling approximately 15 X 20 X 11 mm involving the dorsal aspect of the left mandible in t...

T ooth eruption with little or no root development is rare and is usually associated with neonatal teeth or defects in root formation due to irradiation therapy of the head and neck. Possible causes of root absence are hereditary anomalies such as dentinal dysplasia, morphological anomalies known as dystrophies, and idiopathic root resorption. A tooth in a very early stage of root development c...

The familial nature of supernumerary teeth is discussed in this paper and illustrated with a report showing the development of supernumeraries in siblings. The orthodontic treatment and possible sequelae to the development of supernumerary teeth in the premolar region is highlighted.

Macrodontia (megadontia, megalodontia, mac rodontism) is a rare shape anomaly that has been used to describe dental gigantism. Mandibular second premolars show an elevated variability of crown morphology, as are its eruptive potential and final position in the dental arch. To date, only eight cases of isolated macrodontia of second premolars have been reported in the literature. This case repor...

Introduction: Angle Class II division 1 patients with a large ANB and severe discrepancies arefrequently found in the Japanese population. In such severe Class II patients, it is difficult to improve theprotrusive profile with only premolar extraction. Additional first-molar extraction (AFME) is aprocedure that can be done after premolar extraction space closure for patients who hav...

BACKGROUND An impacted tooth is one which fails to reach the occlusal plane even after two-third's of its root completion. Though the etiology is multi-factorial, most common reason is crowding of teeth with lack of space for eruption. Mandibular third molars are the most commonly impacted teeth. Very few studies have been done to assess the prevalence of impacted premolar teeth. MATERIALS AN...

Introduction: Mental foramen is an important landmark in mandible and knowledge regarding the actual location of mental foramen is important in dentistry. Materials &Methods: A total of 1172 digital panoramic radiographs were evaluated for assessment of the location of the mental foramen. The location was classified into six groups in relation to the apices of the premolars and first molar. R...

Aim of the study was to investigate the change in lower anterior facial height (LAFH) following 1st premolar extraction and incisor retraction in bimaxillary proclination orthodontic cases. 35 patients (M:F ratio 18:17) with bimaxillary protrusion with age ranging from 14-17 years (mean calculated age 15.6 years) were treated with 1st premolar extractions followed by retraction of the upper and...