physiologists have shown that increased fluids improve skeletal muscle performance in prolonged exercise.typical orders provide for 125 ml of intravenous fluids per hour in patients taking limited oral fluids during labor. our purpose in this study was to determine whether increased intravenous fluids affect the progress of labor. in a prospective randomized institutional clinical trial, one-hu...

The present paper investigates consequence relations that are both paraconsistent and plausible (generally nonmonotonic too). More precisely, we lay the focus on preferential consequence relations, i.e. those relations that can be defined by a binary preference relation on states labelled by valuations (such as in Non-monotonic Reasoning). The first purpose of the paper is to provide characteri...

Proper hydration is essential for both mental and physical performance. The purpose of this study was to determine if hydration education would improve hydration status in collegiate athletes. A total of 120 college athletes, 60 each male and female, 30 each served as the control group (C) and as the intervention (I) group. A pretested questionnaire was used to evaluate the hydration knowledge,...

In this article the sound velocity through a mix is correlated to the hydration degree of the mix. Models are presented predicting the sound velocity through fresh slurries and hardened products. These two states correspond to the starting and finishing point of the hydration process. The present research shows that a linear relation between the amount of hydration-product (gypsum) formed (Smit...

Hydration water is essential for a protein to perform its biological function properly. In this study, the dynamics of hydration water around F-actin and myosin subfragment-1 (S1), which are the partner proteins playing a major role in various cellular functions related to cell motility including muscle contraction, was characterized by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The QEN...

Rapid Alkalinization Factors (RALFs) are plant peptides that rapidly increase the pH of plant suspension cell culture medium and inhibit root growth. A pollen-specific tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) RALF (SlPRALF) has been identified. The SlPRALF gene encodes a preproprotein that appears to be processed and released from the pollen tube as an active peptide. A synthetic SlPRALF peptide based on ...

This study explored the effects of physical activity (PA) and ambient temperature on water turnover and hydration status. Five-hundred seventy three healthy men and women (aged 20-60 years) from Spain, Greece and Germany self-reported PA, registered all food and beverage intake, and collected 24-h urine during seven consecutive days. Fasting blood samples were collected at the onset and end of ...

In this paper we propose a propositional temporal language based on fuzzy temporal constraints which turns out to be expressive enough for domains –like many coming from medicine– where knowledge is of propositional nature and an explicit handling of time, imprecision and uncertainty are required. The language is provided with a natural possibilistic semantics to account for the uncertainty iss...

Entailment that is based on the application of simple production rules, of the form c← a1, . . . , an (n ≥ 0) is weaker than the propositional entailment that would be yielded by translating these rules into material implications. In this paper, we show that rulebased entailment coincides with the propositional entailment of literals, when the set of rules is closed under transposition, transit...