Scholars have argued that institutional inequities and control over resources are linked to gender-based violence. However, psychologists have yet to reposition their research questions to examine how structural inequities lead to power imbalances and gender-based norms that perpetuate threats to women’s health and safety. This study provides a theoretical framework for, and an examination of, ...

An active area of public health policy in the United States is policy meant to promote healthy eating, reduce overconsumption of food, and prevent overweight/obesity. Public discussion of such obesity prevention policies includes intense ethical disagreement. We suggest that some ethical disagreements about obesity prevention policies can be seen as rooted in a common concern with equality or w...

Sixty-two years after the much reviled and now repealed Population Registration Act of 1950 was enacted, and 18 years into our new non-racial democracy, it continues to haunt South African public life. The Act classified South Africans into 'race' categories, thus creating the framework for the differentiated allocation of opportunity and privilege, and resulted in severe inequalities between t...

WHY EQUALITY? WHAT EQUALITY? Two central issues for ethical analysis of equality are: (1) Why equality? (2) Equality of what? The two questions are distinct but thoroughly interdependent. We cannot begin to defend or criticize equality without knowing what on earth we are talking about, i.e. equality of what features (e.g., incomes, wealths, opportunities, achievements, freedoms, rights)? We ca...

This chapter seeks to make some contributions to the literature on firm-level innovation in Africa by attempting to identify the significant factors that explain the capability of firms in Nigeria to innovate using the results of an industry-wide study. We focused on the product and process innovation activities of firms between 2003 and 2006 and found differences in the factors that drive them...

Pseudo equality algebras were initially introduced by Jenei and Kóródi as a possible algebraic semantic for fuzzy type theory, and they have been revised by Dvurečenskij and Zahiri under the name of JK-algebras. In this paper we define and study the commutative pseudo equality algebras. We give a characterization of commutative pseudo equality algebras and we prove that an invariant pseudo equa...

The theory of preferential consequence relations, where copies of valuations (or states labeled by valuations) serve as the terms of the preference relation, has been investigated extensively in the classical context. The first purpose of the present paper is to extend the theory to certain three/four-valued contexts, well-known as the paraconsistent logics J3 and FOUR. We give characterization...

In 1979 Yao published a paper that started the field of communication complexity and asked, in particular, what was the randomised complexity of the Equality function (EQ) in the Simultaneous Message Passing (SMP) model (for the question to be non-trivial, one must consider the setting of private randomness). The tight lower bound Ω( √ n) was given only in 1996 by Newman and Szegedy. In this wo...