OBJECTIVES The Seoul National University Renal Stone Complexity (S-ReSC) scoring system was developed to predict the stone-free rate (SFR) after single-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This study is an external validation of this scoring system. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review included 327 patients who underwent PCNL at 2 tertiary referral centers. The S-ReSC score was ...

The latest research on disturbance rejection mechanisms has shown active control (ADRC) to be an effective controller for uncertainties and nonlinear dynamics embedded in systems controlled. significance of the ADRC is its model-free nature, as it requires minimal knowledge system model. In addition, can actively estimate compensate impact internal external disturbances present, with aid crucia...

In this paper, a new robust adaptive nonlinear teleoperation system using an improved extended active observer (IEAOB), Smith predictor (ASP) and sliding mode control is developed to address the time delay in communication channels robot model uncertainties. Firstly, ASP based on Padé approximation designed compensate for effect. Specifically, total network modelled by approximation, then deplo...

The direct predictive speed controller (DPSC) deals with the prediction of motor based on precise mechanical parameters. However, parameters are dependent practical applications and may not match their actual values, which leads to inaccurate behaviour deteriorates performance algorithm. A three-order Extended State Observer is designed for a permanent magnet synchronous observe unknown overall...