Various characteristics of population and community dynamics of freshwater zooplankton have been studied in the past, in attempts to increase our knowledge of how freshwater ecosystems function. A major leap forward in disentangling ecosystem processes was the discovery of communication based on chemical cues (infochemicals) in the early 1980s. Infochemicals were found to affect many aspects of...

Multiple predator species can interact as well as strongly affect lower trophic levels, resulting in complex, nonadditive effects on prey populations and community structure. Studies of aquatic systems have shown that interactive effects of predators on prey are not necessarily predictable from the direct effects of each species alone. To test for complex interactions, the individual and combin...

By incorporating a prey refuge, this paper proposes new discrete Leslie–Gower predator–prey systems with and without Allee effect. The existence of fixed points are established and the stability of fixed points are discussed by analyzing the modulus of characteristic roots. Keywords—Leslie–Gower; predator–prey model; prey refuge; Allee effect.

A predator-prey model with logistic growth in the prey is modified to include an SIS parasitic infection in the prey with infected prey being more vulnerable to predation. Thresholds are identified which determine when the predator population survives and when the disease remains endemic. For some parameter values the greater vulnerability of the infected prey allows the predator population to ...

32 33 Marine plankton ecosystems are an important component of biogeochemical cycling in the oceans. 34 Operational plankton functional type (PFT) models, that group plankton according to their 35 biogeochemical properties, are currently being developed to resolve biogenic gas exchange between 36 the ocean and atmosphere, and to model the lowest trophic levels in fisheries models. A 37 fundamen...

Recently, some biologists have argued that the ratio-dependent predator-prey model is more appropriate than the Gauss-type models for modelling predator-prey interactions where predation involves searching processes. This is strongly supported by numerous laboratory experiments and observations [1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12]. Many authors [1, 5, 7, 13, 14] have observed that the ratio-dependent preda...

Many predators are able to become better at spotting cryptic prey by recognising specific clues, but by concentrating on one prey type they will become worse at spotting other prey types. This phenomenon is known as the formation of a search image for a certain prey by a predator and is related to apostatic selection. Here we study the evolution of a search image in the predator by formulating ...

Many predators are able to become better at spotting cryptic prey by recognising specific clues, but by concentrating on one prey type they will become worse at spotting other prey types. This phenomenon is known as the formation of a search image for a certain prey by a predator and is related to apostatic selection. Here, we study the evolution of a search image in the predator by formulating...

Spatial heterogeneity (patchiness) in certain predator-prey situations has been observed even though their environment appears homogeneous. As a model mechanism to explain this patchiness phenomenon we propose a predator-prey interaction system with diffusive effects. We show that when the diffusion of the prey is small compared with that of the predator the non-linearity which we call a hump e...

This paper investigates the dynamics of a competitive single-prey n-predators model of integrated pest management, which is subject to periodic and impulsive controls, from the viewpoint of finding sufficient conditions for the extinction of prey and for prey and predator permanence. The per capita death rates of prey due to predation are given in abstract, unspecified forms, which encompass la...