Only recently have we begun to recognise the importance of research into dementia in low and middle-income countries and in ethnic minorities, including immigrant and indigenous groups, within high income countries. The neurological research community has started to consider that ethnicity itself, as well as environmental factors unique to individual communities, may influence the onset and rat...

Much discussion on the environment has focused on issues such as global warming, biodiversity loss, and the global effects of environmental degradation. Relatively scant attention has been devoted to the consequences of environmental degradation on human health. This article reviews the evidence on the relationship between unsustainable use of the natural environment and deteriorating health pr...

Understanding the influence of natural climatic variability on modern fisheries is complicated by over a century of industrial fishing. Archaeological data provide unique opportunities for assessing precolonial and preindustrial fisheries. Records show that anchoveta-vs sardine-dominated fisheries correlate with 20th-century climate change in the Pacific Basin and are linked to multidecadal cli...

Chinampería, a jeopardized precolonial agricultural practice, persists in the Xochimilco wetland, Mexico City. Agroecological chinampa production is recognized UNESCO World Heritage Site, and contributes to sustainability of both urban wetland city. The ‘chinampa-refuge’ model (CRM) transdisciplinary effort strengthen traditional agroecological practices ecological restoration. Through an inter...

Abstract This article studies infrastructure development in the colony of German East Africa from early 1890s to 1907. By focussing on questions continuity and change transition phase precolonial era colonial rule, demonstrates that road planning coexisted often collided with established systems. After 1891, authorities sought transform existing caravan paths into all-weather highways. The anal...

Abstract This article examines baptismal naming in sixteenth-century Guatemala the context of Indigenous adaptation to sociopolitical upheavals Spanish-led invasion, forced resettlement, and imposition Catholicism. As part institution baptism—the first Catholic sacrament one that missionaries implemented soon after their arrival Spanish Americas—Indigenous baptizees received a European name, as...

policies they did not anticipate, policies they may even abhor? This article explores the ways 19th-century Europeans who would never have considered themselves as policymakers or even policy wonks – writers, artists, missionaries, and ethnographers – influenced colonial ‘native policy’. The article focuses on the case of precolonial European representations of Polynesia (Samoa in particular), ...

W.W. Shilts Illinois State Geological Survey, 615 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61802, U.S.A. Abstract Long sediment cores (11 m) were collected from eight Precambrian Shield lakes in southern Ontario, Canada and analyzed for mercury (Hg), loss-on-ignition (LOI), and a suite of 36 other elements. Results indicated at least 100-fold variation in sediment Hg concentrations between lakes...

In the Southern Hemisphere, evidence for preindustrial atmospheric pollution is restricted to a few geological archives of low temporal resolution that record trace element deposition originating from past mining and metallurgical operations in South America. Therefore, the timing and the spatial impact of these activities on the past atmosphere remain poorly constrained. Here we present an ann...

The initial stages of the institutionalization of hierarchical social inequalities remain poorly understood. Recent models have added important perspectives to “adaptationist” approaches by centering on the agency of “aggrandizers” who alter egalitarian institutions to suit their own ends through debt, coercion, or marginalization. However, such approaches often fail to take the recursive inter...