The development of a quantitative understanding of the interactions among physical, chemical and biological processes is critical for predicting the marine ecosystem response to climate change. This study presents results from a coupled plankton/circulation model (ROMS) developed to study factors influencing bloom dynamics on the continental shelf of southern Vancouver Island. Model results sho...

[1] We review evidence for climate change over the past several millennia from instrumental and high-resolution climate ‘‘proxy’’ data sources and climate modeling studies. We focus on changes over the past 1 to 2 millennia. We assess reconstructions and modeling studies analyzing a number of different climate fields, including atmospheric circulation diagnostics, precipitation, and drought. We...

Climate models have become an important tool in the study of climate and climate change, and ensemble experiments consisting of multiple climate model runs are used in studying and quantifying the uncertainty in climate model output. However, there are often only a limited number of model runs available for a particular experiment, and the statistical challenge is to characterize the distributi...

BACKGROUND If you want to know which of two or more healthcare interventions is most effective, the randomised controlled trial is the design of choice. Randomisation, however, does not itself promote the applicability of the results to situations other than the one in which the trial was done. A tool published in 2009, PRECIS (PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summaries) aimed to help ...

The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) has been widely used to simulate relatively short-term atmospheric processes. To perform full-year to multi-year model integrations, a climate version of RAMS (ClimRAMS) has been developed, and is used to simulate diurnal, seasonal, and annual cycles of atmospheric and hydrologic variables and interactions within the central United States during 1...

In this study, a climate version of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (ClimRAMS) was used to investigate the sensitivity of regional climate simulations to changes in vegetation distribution in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions of the United States. The evolution of vegetation phenology was assimilated into the ClimRAMS in the form of estimates of the leaf area index (LAI) deri...

ThehistoryofEarth is ahistoryof recurrent climate change.Today’s globalbiodiversitydemonstrates thatmany specieshavebeenable to cope with climate shifts in the past. Yet great concern exists that modern climate change is likely to overstrain the capacity of many species to track suitable climate spaces, potentially leading to widespread extinctions through the coming decades. This view is furth...