Few physicians in the United States receive formal education related to principles of infant care in Islamic families. Breastfeeding has a religious basis in Islam and it is recommended that the mother suckle her offspring for 2 years if possible. Weaning from the breast before that period is allowed if mutually decided on by both parents. The infant's father has an obligation to support his wi...

When analyzing programs with parallel imperative constructs (e.g., cobegin/coend), standard computer intermediate representations are inadequate. This paper introduces a new relation called the precedence relation and new data structures called the Pamllel Control Flow Graph and Parallel Precedence Graphs for programs with parallel constructs. We show how to report anomalies in parallel program...

Recently, Islam and Biswas proposed an efficient and secure ID-based remote mutual authentication with key agreement scheme. We have analyzed the security and performance of Islam and Biswas’s scheme and showed that their scheme has some pitfalls. In order to solve these problems, we have constructed an enhanced ECC remote mutual authentication with key agreement scheme and proven that the prop...

Function design of embedded real-time system introduced the problem of real-time task scheduling with precedence constraint which needs that scheduling sequence produced by algorithm satisfying not only real-time constraint of every task, but also precedence constraint among tasks. Based on parallel topological sort, this paper presents a new on-line scheduling algorithm OSA-RPC which can set p...

As two fundamental requirements to ensure secure communications over an insecure public network channel, password authentication and update of password have received considerable attention. To satisfy the above two requirements, Islam et al. proposed a password authentication and update scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography. They claimed that their scheme could withstand various attacks. ...

The design of secure remote user authentication schemes for mobile applications is still an open and quite challenging problem, though many schemes have been published lately. Recently, Islam and Biswas pointed out that Lin and Hwang et al.’s password-based authentication scheme is vulnerable to various attacks, and then presented an improved scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to...

BACKGROUND Malaysia is a multicultural society, predominantly composed of a Muslim majority population, where Islam is influential. Malaysia has a concentrated HIV epidemic amongst high risk groups, such as, Intravenous Drug Users (IVDU), sex workers, transgender women and Men who have sex with Men (MSM). The objective of this study is to understand how Islam shapes HIV prevention strategies in...

Causal precedence between biochemical interactions is crucial in the biomedical domain, because it transforms collections of individual interactions, e.g., bindings and phosphorylations, into the causal mechanisms needed to inform meaningful search and inference. Here, we analyze causal precedence in the biomedical domain as distinct from open-domain, temporal precedence. First, we describe a n...

Critics of Islam often frame anti-Islamic positions as a defense of tolerance against intolerance, and of equality against inequality. Islam, for this perspective, poses challenges for the ideological integration of Muslim immigrants in Western societies. This paper examines Canadian Muslims’ opinions about same-sex marriage. The analysis suggests that Canadian Muslims, as a group, do have dist...

Using the POLITY IV and Freedom House indices, Rowley and Smith (2009) found that countries with Muslim majorities enjoy less freedom and are less democratic than countries in which Muslims are a minority. Because the POLITY IV and Freedom House indices have been criticized on several grounds, I reinvestigate Rowley and Smith ́s finding using the new Democracy-Dictatorship data from Cheibub et a...