abstract rhetorical structure is helpful in improving how the writers maintain cohesion in their writings. this study examines how the iraqi writers maintain cohesion in the text by analyzing the various rhetorical moves in azzaman, an online iraqi newspaper. to this purpose, twelve opinion articles from azzaman iraqi newspaper, published from january 2013 to june 2013 were analyzed. the findin...

Listening is regarded as an interactive process involving decoding of information. This study was launched to find out the impact of bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) techniques on Iranian lower and upper intermediate learners’ listening comprehension. We selected a total of 120 participants in six intact classes, three lower intermediate and three upper intermediate. The proficiency level of th...

Writing is key to educational and workplace success. The majority of computer-based writing support applications target K-12 students and offer standard feedback concerning the U.S.centric, 5-paragraph, expository essay genre, which is typically taught to developing writers and used on standardized tests. This writing demo takes a “left turn”. By “left turn”, we mean that this demo is illustrat...

This paper focuses on the impact of an asynchronous online discussion forum on the development of students’ ability in and attitudes toward writing in English. To do this, 60 undergraduate students majoring in English were assigned to two experimental and control groups while receiving different types of feedback. Students in the experimental group were required to take part in an asynchronous ...

This project created on-line practicum and mentoring experiences for pre-service teachers and developed the research, information literacy, and writing skills of eighth-grade students studying the American Civil War. The task given to the eighth-grade students was to write a story of historical fiction about the American Civil War from the perspective of someone living during that time period. ...

The consideration of rater training is very important in construct validation of a writing test because it is through training that raters are adapted to the use of students’ writing ability instead of their own criteria for assessing compositions (Charney, 1984). However, although training has been discussed in the literature of writing assessment, there is little research regarding raters’ pe...

Writing is troublesome to be learned and taught for some students. One technique that can used in teaching writing TPS. The research was conducted SMP Plus Nurulhidayah Pasundan. researchers identify problems, such as: 1) Does using TPS improve the students’ creativity?, 2) How learning situation when implemented class?. Classroom Action Research this research. From result of pre-test, we found...

We investigated some of the key features of effective active learning by comparing the outcomes of three different methods of implementing active-learning exercises in a majors introductory biology course. Students completed activities in one of three treatments: discussion, writing, and discussion + writing. Treatments were rotated weekly between three sections taught by three different instru...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To detail the daily activities of women with advanced breast cancer. DESIGN Descriptive, qualitative. SETTING Six clinical sites in New England. Of the six sites, three were urban, one was suburban, and two were rural, with three sites being comprehensive cancer centers. SAMPLE 84 women with a confirmed diagnosis of stage IV breast cancer with a life expectancy of four ...

The recording of numbers appears to pre-date the emergence of writing and excavations of the clay tablets of civilisations in the Middle East have shown that clay tablets were used to keep account of activities undertaken in a systematic fashion. Correspondingly, various forms of abacus have been used types of calculation from the Sumerian abacus dating from about 4 ½ thousand years ago to the ...