The transmission potential of a novel infection depends on both the inherent transmissibility of a pathogen, and the level of susceptibility in the host population. However, distinguishing between these pathogen- and population-specific properties typically requires detailed serological studies, which are rarely available in the early stages of an outbreak. Using a simple transmission model tha...

This article investigates various multiple testing procedures for the testing of unity odds ratios from stratified studies. These procedures compare individual ordered p-values to a series of adjusted nominal levels, and are employed to distinguish between significance and insignificance in stratified studies. Three commonly used approaches for determining p-values are considered: the asymptoti...

OBJECTIVE To examine if the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in Denmark was associated with a decrease in the rate of ventilation tube (VT) insertions performed by office-based practising ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialists. DESIGN Population-based register study based on prospectively collected data. SETTING Central Denmark Region. Data on VT insertions performed by ...

Pre-renal acute kidney injury (AKI) is assumed to represent a physiological response to underperfusion. Its diagnosis is retrospective after a transient rise in plasma creatinine, usually associated with evidence of altered tubular transport, particularly that of sodium. In order to test whether pre-renal AKI is reversible because injury is less severe than that of sustained AKI, we measured ur...

BACKGROUND In incident hemodialysis (HD) patients, the relationship between early systolic blood pressure (SBP) dynamics and mortality is unknown. METHODS Baseline SBP levels were stratified into 5 categories ranging from <120 and ≥180 mm Hg. Early pre-HD SBP change was defined as the slope of pre-HD SBP from week 1 to 12 and categorized in quartiles (Q1, lowest slope). SBP slopes were comput...

There are many sources of error in counting votes: the apparent winner might not be the rightful winner. Hand tallies of the votes in a random sample of precincts can be used to test the hypothesis that a full manual recount would find a different outcome. This paper develops a conservative sequential test based on the vote-counting errors found in a hand tally of a simple or stratified random ...

We investigate the space of ordinal semantics, where the status of an argument is interpreted by a natural number. In doing so we do not only consider the usual acceptability-based approach for generalizing classical semantics to multivalued semantics, i. e., positioning “undecided” arguments to be in between “in” and “out” arguments, but also a controversiality-based approach where we interpre...

This descriptive survey research was undertaken to study the factors affecting attitudes of agricultural faculty members towards nanotechnology. The statistical population of this study consisted of the agricultural faculty members in Iran (N=225). A sample of 144 persons was selected by using the stratified random sampling method. Data collected using a mailed questionnaire that was validated ...

Using a proportionate stratified sample of 300 titled and non-titled respondents this study was conducted to tap into their attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of the proliferation of title taking in Igboland. Major questions of interest included: “who are traditional title holders?” “Why do individuals seek titles?” “Why do chiefs award such titles? “Should titles be given to ‘diaspora’ Igbos ...