Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is the simultaneous occurrence of intra- and extrauterine pregnancies. It is a rare event in spontaneous pregnancies with an incidence of less than 1:15000 however the frequency has increased to 1% in accordance with the widespread use of assisted reproductive techniques (ART). The pre-operative diagnosis of this condition is generally difficult and it would be life t...

Background: The beneficial effect of supplementing culture medium with melatonin has been reported during in vitro embryo development of species such as mouse, bovine and porcine. However, the effect of melatonin on the mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer remained unknown. Materials and Methods: In this study, we assessed the effects of various concentrations of melatonin (10-6 to 10-12 M) on t...

Background A major hurdle to improved in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rate is defective endometrial receptivity and implantation. Various techniques have been advocated to increase implantation while reducing side effects. Currently, embryo transfer (ET) is performed blindly without direct visualization. As such, we sought to develop a technique utilizing a flexible minihysteroscope with a...

background: recurrent implantation failure is one of the most issues in ivf cycles.some researchers found that beneficial effects of endometrial scratching in womenwith recurrent implantation failure, while some authors demonstrated contrary resultsobjective: the present study aimed to investigate the effect of intrauterine. salineinfusion as a form of endometrial injury, during fresh in vitro ...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels secondary to absolute impairment of insulin secretion. Maternal diabetes has been demonstrated to adversely affect pre implantation embryo development and pregnancy outcomes. Emerging evidence has implicated that these effects are associated with compromised oocyte competence. Several developme...

Landmark events occur in a coordinated manner during pre-implantation development of the mammalian embryo, yet the regulatory network that orchestrates these events remains largely unknown. Here, we present the first systematic investigation of the network in pre-implantation mouse embryos using morpholino-mediated gene knockdowns of key embryonic stem cell (ESC) factors followed by detailed tr...

In eukaryotic cells, pre-mRNAs undergo several transformation steps to generate mature mRNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated that a diet containing a genetically modified (GM) soybean can induce modifications of nuclear constituents involved in RNA processing in some tissues of young, adult and old mice. On this basis, we have investigated the ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features o...

Gap junctions play an important role in cell-to-cell communication, a process obviously required for embryo implantation. Uterine luminal epithelium (LE) is the first contact for an implanting embryo and is critical for the establishment of uterine receptivity. Microarray analysis of LE from periimplantation mouse uterus showed low level expression of 19 gap junction proteins in preimplantation...