The development of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) has no doubt contributed to prompting a renewed interest in children’s narratives. This carefully controlled test narrative abilities elicits rich set measures spanning multiple linguistic domains and their interaction, including lexis, morphosyntax, discourse-pragmatics, as well various aspects structure, communica...

Realization of expressive acts is a phenomenon pragmatics that appears in movie. This descriptive qualitative research aimed at examining the types and how were realized In collecting data, this implemented observational method non-participatory technique. Pragmatic identity pragmatic competence- equalizing technique applied as analyzing data. Regarding theory, theory carried out by Searle Vand...

The article has three main concerns: (i) it gives a concise introduction into optimality-theoretic pragmatics; (ii) it discusses the relation to alternative accounts (relevance theory and Levinson's theory of presumptive meanings); (iii) it reviews recent findings concerning the psychological reality of optimality-theoretic pragmatics and its central part concept – bidirectional optimization. A...

the present investigation was designed to study the production and comprehension of specific means for information highlighted by advanced iranian learners of english as a foreign language. the study focused on the discourse-pragmatically motivated variations of the basic word order such as inversion, pre-posing, it- and wh-clefts. after taking the nelson test, a homogeneous group was settled. ...

in this article, on the basis of habermas’ universal pragmatics, we have tried to indicate that empirical pragmatics in linguistics, suffers from ‘normativity deficit’ in the field of foreign language education. what we mean by ‘normativity deficit’, is the lack of normative resources required for judging the validity claims inherent in social interactions. since agreement on the validity claim...