Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic chemical that is widely used as an herbicide in developing countries. It has been described as a major suicide agent, thus leading to its ban or restriction in use by Environmental Protection Agency in some countries. There is no known chelating agent or antidote for PQ. This study investigated protective effects of antioxidant vitamins C, E and its combination in both ...

Pulmonary fibrosis is considered the most distinctive feature of paraquat (PQ) poisoning. Inflammation and oxidative stress play crucial roles in pathogenesis PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The current study was designed to assess efficacy pomegranate juice (PJ) seed extract (PSE) supplementation against a mouse model. Male mice (Mus musculus) were randomly divided into four experimental groups...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a promising treatment for severe cases of paraquat (PQ) poisoning. We investigated the effective dose of CP for mitigating PQ-induced lung injury. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into five groups: control, PQ (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), and PQ + CP (1.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg). The dimensions of lung lesions were determined u...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders with limited clinical interventions. A number of epidemiological as well as case-control studies have revealed an association between pesticide exposure, especially of paraquat (PQ) and occurrence of PD. Hsp70, a molecular chaperone by function, has been shown as one of the modulators of neurological disorders. Howev...

BACKGROUND Primaquine (PQ) is used against relapses of vivax malaria (RVM) but several aspects about dosage are unknown, as the total effective dose (TD) in a number of days. OBJECTIVE To compare PQ regimens against RVM in randomized or non randomized controlled clinical trials (CCTs). METHODOLOGY Meta analysis. Information was sought until 31 December, 2012 in Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed (Medli...

Pharmacokinetic differences between piperaquine (PQ) base and PQ tetraphosphate were investigated in 34 Papua New Guinean children aged 5 to 10 years treated for uncomplicated malaria with artemisinin-PQ (ART-PQ) base or dihydroartemisinin-PQ (DHA-PQ) tetraphosphate. Twelve children received ART-PQ base (two daily doses of 3 mg of ART and 18 mg of PQ base as granules/kg of body weight) as recom...

Aging of biological systems is influenced by various factors, conditions and processes. Among others, processes allowing organisms to deal with various types of stress are of key importance. In particular, oxidative stress as the result of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the accumulation of ROS-induced molecular damage has been strongly...

Paraquat (PQ) is a well-known pneumotoxicant and provides an established model of oxidative stress. This study focused on the transcriptional response to PQ-driven oxidative stress in rat lungs during an early phase post-injection. Rats were sacrificed at 3 h and 24 h after PQ injection (i.p., 20 mg/ kg b.w.), and at 3 h after a second injection (i.p., 20 mg/kg b.w.). The left lungs were rapidl...

In order to investigate the effect of hemoperfusion (HP) on the clearance rate of paraquat (PQ) and develop a clearance model, 41 PQ-poisoned patients who acquired acute PQ intoxication received HP treatment. PQ concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). According to initial PQ concentration, study subjects were divided into two groups: Low-PQ group (0.05-1...