CONTEXT Patients with schizophrenia exhibit deficits in automatic, preattentive sensorimotor gating (prepulse inhibition [PPI]) of the startle reflex. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships between PPI deficits and demographic, clinical, neurocognitive, and functional status in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia. DESIGN Cross-sectional comparison of patients with schizophrenia and...

Animal models of schizophrenia-relevant symptoms are increasingly important for progress in our understanding of the neurobiological basis of the disorder and for discovering novel and more specific treatments. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) and working memory, which are impaired in schizophrenic patients, are among the symptoms/processes modeled in those animal analogs. We have evaluated whether a ...

Pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex is deficient in patients with schizophrenia. This deficiency is mimicked in mice by the use of the psychotomimetic drugs d-amphetamine and dizolcipine. Antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine are used to treat schizophrenic patients and are also administered to mice to prevent PPI disruption. Neurotensin (NT) produces antipsychotic-like ef...

PURPOSE This research investigated the psychometric properties of the patient-physician interaction (PPI) domain in the clinical performance examination (CPX). This research aimed to understand the PPI domain in the CPX through a psychometric and relationship analysis between the domains. METHODS Data were drawn from 1,302 examinees on a set of 6 common CPX cases and 1,066 on a 'bad news deli...

1. The urinary excretion of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a known inhibitor of the growth and aggregation of crystals of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, increases after ingestion of orthophosphate (Pi). This effect may contribute to the apparent ability of oral phosphate to reduce the formation of urinary stones in man. This paper is a study of the mechanism by which Pi increases PPi ex...

CONTEXT Chromogranin A (CgA) is used as a generic tumor marker for neuroendocrine tumors. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are known to increase CgA, but it is not clear to what extent, and there is little information on how long PPI need to be discontinued before the effect of PPI has disappeared. Furthermore, is it not known whether this PPI effect is dependent on the CgA assay used. OBJECTIVE ...

With the increase of available protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, more and more efforts have been put to PPI network modeling, and a number of models of PPI networks have been proposed. Roughly speaking, good models of PPI networks should be able to accurately describe PPI mechanisms, and thus reproduce the structures of PPI networks. With such models, theoretical and/or computational biol...

BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently prescribed for prophylaxis of nosocomial upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Some inpatients receiving PPIs may have no risk factors for nosocomial upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and PPIs may be continued unnecessarily at hospital discharge. We aimed to assess the effect of standardized guidelines on PPI prescribing practices. ...

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, a cross-species measure of sensorimotor gating, provides a valuable tool to study the known inability of a large proportion of individuals with schizophrenia to effectively screen out irrelevant sensory input. The cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic circuitry is thought to be responsible for modulation of PPI in experimental animals. The involveme...

Acutely manic bipolar patients, like patients with schizophrenia, Tourette's syndrome, panic disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder, exhibit deficits in sensorimotor gating, as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response. Here, we assessed the ability of four drugs used in the treatment of bipolar mania-phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, and lithium-to reduce the PPI-di...