Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Studying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is, therefore, essential for the possible alleviation of such cases. Further knowledge could lead to more effective drug treatment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear receptor found in vascular-associated cells such as endothe...

Background: Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage tissue but also an important endocrine organ that secretes protein hormones. Among them, the production and secretion of adiponectin is inversely correlated to the severity of obesity. In adipose tissue, adiponectin production is transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Obesity is a major healt...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ),which is mainly involved in adipocyte differentiation, has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. We investigated the frequencies of two common tagging polymorphisms of the PPAR-γ gene and two of PPAR-α with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥0.05 in the Chinese Han population and ana...

Members of the family of nuclear receptors that include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are important mediators of selective gene activation during development and cellular differentiation. In this study, developmentally-specific PPAR and RXR patterns of expression that occur in somatic and germ cell populations in the testis were determined u...

Chronic renal failure (CRF) mainly results from kidney fibrosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs in stressed tubular epithelial cells and contributes to renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been shown to initiate and complete the whole EMT process. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and vaculo-pr...

In the present study, we investigated the effects of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in vivo and in vitro. First, we detected the effects of apoA-I on aorta MMP-2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ (PPAR α/γ), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expressions in atherosclerotic rabbit models using immunohistochemic...

Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors, and play a central role in insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. PPAR -γ appears to improve glycaemic control by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic glucose production, thereby helping to preserve betacell function. However,...

The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPAR-δ), PPAR-γ, and α2 isoforms of the catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKAA2) on the extent of changes in anthropometric indices and blood measurements through exercise-centered lifestyle intervention in middle-aged men...

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate and propionate, are metabolic products of carbohydrate fermentation by the microbiota and constitute the main source of energy for host colonocytes. SCFAs are also important for gastrointestinal health, immunity, and host metabolism. Intestinally produced angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted protein with metabolism-altering proper...

important endogenous anti-fibrotic defense mechanism. Troglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, has been used to suppress the formation of keloids and growth of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Indeed, the PPAR-γ agonist was able to inhibit collagen I expression in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, which clearly demonstrates its therapeutic potential, and clarification of the underlying molecular mechanisms c...