Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ is a nuclear hormone receptor that is trans-activated by its ligands including insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones. PPARγ has recently been reported to demonstrate pleiotropic beneficial effects in the vasculatures, independent of its blood glucose-lowering effects. Firstly, PPARγ ligands have been shown to lower blood pressure in both anim...

PPARγ is a nuclear transcription factor and the pharmacologic target for antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs). TZDs ameliorate diabetic nephropathy and have direct effects on cultured mesangial cells (MCs), however in situ hybridization failed to detect expression of PPARγ in glomeruli in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PPARγ is expressed in renal glomeruli. Two rabbi...

Recent studies have revealed that PPARγ's transactivation function is regulated by extracellular signals. In particular, cytokines and Wnt family proteins suppress the ligand-inducible transactivation function of PPARγ and attenuate adipogenesis/osteoblastogenesis switching in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). For example, Wnt5a suppresses PPARγ transcriptional activity through the NLK/SETDB1/CHD7...

PPARγ-deficient mice die at E9.5 due to placental abnormalities. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. We demonstrated that the new endocrine factor EG-VEGF controls the same processes as those described for PPARγ, suggesting potential regulation of EG-VEGF by PPARγ. EG-VEGF exerts its functions via prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) and 2 (PROKR2). This study sought to investigate wheth...

Vascular inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) protects against vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, whereas dominant-negative mutations in PPARγ promote atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction. We tested the role of PPARγ in aneurysm formation and rupture. Aneurysms were induced with a combinati...

background: the omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3 fatty acid) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) is currently used in the clinic as a nutritional supplement in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos). the present study was designed to investigate the effect of epa on the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparγ) and cytochrome p450 aromatase (encoded by th...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is the master regulator of adipogenesis, and has been indicated as a potential therapeutic target to promote osteoblast differentiation. However, recent studies suggest that suppression of PPARγ inhibits adipogenesis, but does not promote osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). It was reaso...

Telmisartan is an angiotensin I (AT1) receptor blocker used in the treatment of essential hypertension, with partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonism. In prior studies, PPARγ activation led to apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition in various cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of telmisarta...

Peroxisome proliferatior-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that modulates lipid and glucose metabolism in mammals. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chicken PPARγ is expressed in tissues in a similar manner to mammalian PPAR and whether it is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, particularly in the regulation of fat accumulation in adipose t...

Chronic exposures to arsenic had been associated with metabolism diseases. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was found in the liver, regulated metabolism. Here, we found that the expression of PPARγ was decreased, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy were increased after treatment with As2O3 in offsprings' livers. Taurine (Tau), a sulfur-containin...