in trading electrical energy in deregulated power systems, violation of operation constraints such as transmission lines flow limits is possible. these conditions have been called “congestion”. one of the most important responsibility of independent system operator (iso) is congestion management in a manner that all the system equipments be operated in their nominal ranges. in this paper, usi...

In April 2003 the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission proposed the Wholesale Power Market Platform (WPMP) for common adoption by U.S. wholesale power markets. The WPMP is a complicated market design encompassing real-time, day-ahead, ancillary, and financial transmission rights markets. Variants of the WPMP have been adopted in various parts of the U.S. (e.g., New England), but other regi...

flexible ac transmission systems (facts) controllers with its ability to directly control the power flow can offer great opportunities in modern power system, allowing better and safer operation of transmission network. in this paper, in order to find type, size and location of facts devices in a power system a dedicated improved particle swarm optimization (dipso) algorithm is developed for de...

in methods presented to calculate the voltage collapse point, the transmission system is usually the only part of the power system that is completely modeled. distribution systems are often replaced by aggregate load models because the use of the detailed model of distribution systems in voltage stability analysis not only increases the computation time, but also decreases the probability of co...

in the deregulated power systems, transmission congestion is one of the significant and main problems of the electrical networks which can cause incremental cost in the energy. this problem has resulted to new challenging issues in different parts of power systems which there was not in the traditional systems or at least had very little importance. transmission congestion happens when the maxi...