Background: The present study aimed to introduce a rapid transmission dosimetry through an electronic portal-imaging device (EPID) to achieve two-dimensional (2D) dose distribution for homogenous environments. Material and Methods: In this Phantom study, first, the EPID calibration curve and correction coefficients for field size were obtained from EPID and ionization chamber. Second, the...

Portal annular pancreas is a rare pancreatic variant in which the uncinate process of the pancreas extends and fuses to the dorsal surface of the body of the pancreas by surrounding the portal vein. It is asymptomatic, but it can be mistaken for a pancreatic head mass on imaging and could also have serious consequences during pancreatic surgery, if unrecognized. We report this case of a 53-year...

We present a case of spontaneous portoazygos shunt in a patient with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The shunt was incidentally detected by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging for routine evaluation of liver cirrhosis. Multiplanar reconstruction images demonstrated the portal vein communicating with the azygos vein that was dilated and tortuous along its course to the mediastinum. Alt...

Peritoneal radionuclide scan is an established imaging modality for evaluating peritoneopleural communications. In this case report, unusual mediastinal lymph node radiotracer uptake is seen in a patient with portal hypertension on peritoneal scintigraphy. This was suspected to be due to marked lymphatic enlargement from longstanding portal hypertension since childhood, permitting passage of th...

A 43-year-old woman with a huge portal-systemic shunt accompanied by myxedema showed slow speech and behavior. Several imaging studies revealed a bold portal-systemic shunt from the splenic vein to the left renal vein. In addition, hypothyroidism caused by chronic thyroiditis was diagnosed, and synthesized thyroxine replacement was effective for the symptoms. However, the serum ammonia and indo...

Portal vein thrombosis is a relatively rare but well-known complication of cirrhosis that has a prevalence of between 1% and 5.7%. On the contrary, in case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is a much more frequent complication. In this paper, we presented three cases that had liver cirrhosis, mass and portal vein thrombosis in liver. We were not able to diagnose the cases through imaging me...

We present the case of a 24-year-old man who was incidentally diagnosed with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt with portal vein aneurysm during an investigation for non-specific abdominal pain. These are rare anomalies, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported with both anomalies associated together. Ultrasound, including color Doppler, computed tomography, an...

T he normal portal vascular system transports venous blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas to the hepatic sinusoids and ultimately the hepatic veins and caudal vena cava. Portosystemic shunting (PSS) occurs when abnormal vascular connections occur between the portal and systemic venous systems, bypassing the liver. This can be acquired secondary to portal hypertension arising...

Arterioportal fistulas (APFs) are a group of vascular disorders, in which systemic arteries communicate with the portal circulation, presenting as a congenital syndrome or more commonly acquired from iatrogenic instrumentation or abdominal trauma. We report the case of a 58-year-old man who developed ascites without underlying risk factors for portal hypertension, which was attributed to an APF...

S pontaneous portosystemic shunt (PSS) from portal hypertension is associated with portal vein (PV) stasis and chronic hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Embolization of PSS is effective in select cases of refractory HE, but is relatively contraindicated in patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (Table 1). This procedure redirects significant blood flow back through the PV and has been reported t...