Estimating the distribution of impervious surface, a major component of the vegetation–impervious surface–soil (V–I–S) model, is important in monitoring urban areas and understanding human activities. Besides its applications in physical geography, such as run-off models and urban change studies, maps showing impervious surface distribution are essential for estimating socio-economic factors, s...

In this paper, we have considered the problem of estimating the population mean of study character using mean square error by double sampling the non-respondents. Two generalized estimators for estimating the population mean using auxiliary character under two different cases are proposed. Further the problem has been extended to the wider classes of estimators, which include several generalize...