Three studies are reported examining the grounding of abstract concepts across two modalities (visual and auditory) and their symbolic representation. A comparison of the outcomes across these studies reveals that the symbolic representation of political concepts and their visual and auditory modalities is convergent. In other words, the spatial relationships between specific instances of the p...

Do quotas raise legislative diversity and reduce inequities between the dominant minority groups? This paper studies how quota mechanisms affect in 11 countries Asia Pacific ethnic equity groups three cases. We find that have improved diversity. However, socio-economic status of targeted continues to lag behind group each case presented. Our findings highlight limitations institutionalist solut...

This article analyses barriers to women’s political representation in Indonesia and the ways that women candidates overcome them. Surveying literature drawing on three data sources – findings of thirteen teams researchers studying running 2019 election, a survey 127 such candidates, nationally representative Indonesian citizens identifies widespread patriarchal attitudes as one significant barr...