Abstract This article scrutinizes recent histories of colonial and international law that use metropolitan reactions to the ‘scandals empire’ project a reform-oriented version European colonialism. In French West Africa, most scandals never reached level debate; they hit dead ends in bureaucracies. Analyzing one dead-end scandal, M'Pésoba Affair, this argues justice on ground often adhered poli...

Changes in transcription factor binding sequences result in correlated changes in chromatin composition locally and at sites hundreds of kilobases away. New studies demonstrate that this concordance is mediated via spatial chromatin interactions that constitute regulatory modules of the human genome.

In this review, we provide a detailed overview of studies on the elusive sex determination (SD) and gonad differentiation mechanisms of zebrafish (Danio rerio). We show that the data obtained from most studies are compatible with polygenic sex determination (PSD), where the decision is made by the allelic combinations of several loci. These loci are typically dispersed throughout the genome, bu...