Circularly polarized light is utilized in various optical techniques and devices. However, using conventional optical systems to generate, analyse and detect circularly polarized light involves multiple optical elements, making it challenging to realize miniature and integrated devices. While a number of ultracompact optical elements for manipulating circularly polarized light have recently bee...

In the last several years the nucleon’s spin structure functions have been extensively studied by deep inelastic scattering of polarized leptons on polarized nucleon targets. Recently there has been growing interest in the polarized photon structure function. Especially its first moment has attracted much attention in the literature in connection with the axial anomaly. Now the information on t...

Reflected glare often inte1feres with vision. Since such glare is usually polarized it can be controlled with polarizers. The use of polarized filters to eliminate vertically polarized glare from blackboards and glossy printed material is presented. Practical means for the construction of such filters are discussed. KEY WORDS-reflected glare, polarized lenses, classroom blackboard, low vision, ...

The invasion of polarized epithelial cells by Salmonella enterica requires the cooperative activity of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1)-encoded type III secretion system (T3SS) and the SPI4-encoded adhesin SiiE. The invasion of polarized cells is more efficient than that of nonpolarized cells, and we observed the formation of clusters of bacteria on infected cells. Here we demonstra...

The impact of positivity constraints on the polarized parton densities has been studied. Special attention has been paid to the role of positivity constraints in determining the polarized strange quark and gluon densities, which are not well determined from the present data on inclusive polarized DIS. Spurred on by the famous European Muon Collaboration (EMC) experiment [1] at CERN in 1987, the...

Polarized parton distribution functions are determined by using asymmetry A 1 data from longitudinally polarized deep inelastic scattering experiments. From our χ 2 analysis, polarized u-valence, d-valence, antiquark, and gluon distributions are obtained. We propose one set of leading-order distributions and two sets of next-to-leading-order ones as the longitudinally-polarized parton distribut...

The polarization characteristics of birefringent tissues could be only partially obtained using linearly polarized light in polarization sensitive optical imaging. Here we analyze the change in polarization of backscattered light from birefringent structures versus the orientations of the incident polarizations using linearly, circularly and radially polarized light in a cross-polarized confoca...

High harmonics driven by two-color counterrotating circularly polarized laser fields are a unique source of bright, circularly polarized, extreme ultraviolet, and soft x-ray beams, where the individual harmonics themselves are completely circularly polarized. Here, we demonstrate the ability to preferentially select either the right or left circularly polarized harmonics simply by adjusting the...

An experimental study of glacier ice detection in rain using X-band radar is presented. The radar data were collected in the Greenland Sea region in August 2013, using a cross-polarized X-band radar, capable of simultaneously measuring coand cross-polarized backscattered waves. The system was deployed on the Oden, a Swedish icebreaker. During the deployment, raw coand cross-polarized radar data...

We study photoproduction of jets and heavy flavors in a polarized collider mode of HERA and in polarized ep collisions at √ S ≈ 30 GeV. We examine the sensitivity of the cross sections and their asymmetries to the proton’s polarized gluon distribution and to the completely unknown parton distributions of longitudinally polarized photons.