Oxygen octahedral tilts underpin the functionality of a large number of perovskite-based materials and heterostructures with competing order parameters. We show how a precise analysis of atomic column shapes in Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy images can reveal polarization and octahedral tilt behavior across uncharged and charged domain walls in BiFeO(3). This method is cap...

Several models of cortical development postulate that a Hebbian process fed by spontaneous activity amplifies orientation biases occurring randomly in early wiring, to form orientation selectivity. These models are not applicable to the development of retinal orientation selectivity, since they neglect the polarization of the retina's poorly branched early dendritic trees and the wavelike organ...

Abstract We investigated the beam profiles and polarization states in low-temperature photoluminescence from vertical GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs core-multishell nanowire (NW) under continuous-wave pulsed excitations. In profile excitation, a doughnut-shaped intensity distribution was confirmed. The shown to exhibit an axisymmetric polarization. These observations indicate that cylindrical vector beams we...

A generalized Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire free energy has been used to describe the influence of imperfect surface layers or interface layers in ferroelectric thin films. The natural boundary condition has been employed in solving the polarization profile, which can reflect a more realistic situation compared to the previous treatments of the same problem using the so-called extrapolation length...

We constructed polarization-selective computer-generated holograms that apply an independent phase profile during readout by horizontal and vertical light polarizations. These elements are composed of two surface-relief-etched birefringent substrates joined face to face. We describe the design methodology for arbitrary birefringent substrate and gap materials. We show how these holograms are fa...

We study the effect of polarization and aperture geometry on the focal spot size of a high numerical aperture (NA) aplanatic lens. We show that for a clear aperture geometry, illuminating the lens by linear or circular polarization is preferable over radial polarization for spot size reduction applications. For annular aperture and objective lenses of 0.85 NA and above we give the sizes of the ...

Polarization in American politics has been extensively documented and analyzed for decades, and the phenomenon became all the more apparent during the 2016 presidential election, where Trump and Clinton depicted two radically different pictures of America. Inspired by this gaping polarization and the extensive utilization of Twitter during the 2016 presidential campaign, in this paper we take t...

We present the first multi-epoch spectropolarimetry of a type II plateau supernova (SN II-P), with optical observations of SN 1999em on days 7, 40, 49, 159, and 163 after discovery. These data are used to probe the geometry of the electron-scattering atmosphere before, during, and after the plateau phase, which ended roughly 90 days after discovery. Weak continuum polarization with an unchangin...

The results of four molecular dynamics simulations of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/water systems are reported. To investigate the origin of the hydration force we follow the experiments performed recently by McIntosh and Simon. We study the DPPClwater system in both the gel phase and the liquid crystalline phase at two different water contents, namely at 11 and 20.5 water moleculesflip...

In this paper, a new design technique for enhancing bandwidth that improves the performance of a conventional microstrip patch antenna is proposed. This paper presents a novel wideband probe fed inverted slotted microstrip patch antenna. The design adopts contemporary techniques; coaxial probe feeding, inverted patch structure and slotted patch. The composite effect of integrating these techniq...