We discuss that energetic electrons are generated near the X-type magnetic reconnection region due to a surfing acceleration mechanism. In a thin plasma sheet, the polarization electric fields pointing towards the neutral sheet are induced around the boundary between the lobe and plasma sheet in association with the Hall electric current. By using a particle-in-cell simulation, we demonstrate t...

The structural response of a ferroelectric BaTiO3/dielectric CaTiO3 superlattice to the bipolar applied electric field was studied using time-resolved x-ray microdiffraction. Structural results were compared to the polarization-electric field hysteresis curve obtained from electrical measurements. The superlattice x-ray reflections were found to have a broad distribution of intensity in recipro...

We have observed the linear polarization of 450 μm continuum emission from the Galactic center, using a new polarimetric detector system that is operated on a 2 m telescope at the South Pole. The resulting polarization map extends ∼ 170 pc along the Galactic plane and ∼ 30 pc in Galactic latitude, and thus covers a significant fraction of the central molecular zone. Our map shows that this regi...

Deduce an expression for the rate of precession of the spin polarization unit vector P̂ of a relativistic charged particle in laboratory electric and magnetic fields E and B. The polarization vector is to be measured in the so-called comoving rest frame of the particle obtained by boosting from the lab frame along the direction l̂ that is tangent the the particle’s laboratory trajectory, and whos...

Static and alternating magnetic field effects are introduced from the viewpoint of radical-radical interaction. Since the effect of magnetic field is much smaller than that of the electric field, the magnetic field dependence is a very sensitive measurement of the interaction between radicals. The low-field peak on the magnetic field effects and the spin-correlated radical pair polarization of ...

In spin-driven ferroelectrics, the electric polarization is often modified by the application of a magnetic field. RMnO3 (R = Tb, Dy) is a well known multiferroic with electric polarization along the c-axis induced by the cycloidal ordering of Mn spin moments in the bc plane, which can be explained by the inverse effect of Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction. RMnO3 exhibits an electric-polarizatio...

We investigated by means of polarization microscopy the influence of a magnetic field on the shape and director field of nematic droplets in dispersions of plate-like colloidal particles. To interpret the experimental observations, we put forward a simple theory in which we presume strong anchoring and a sphero-cylindrical droplet shape. This model allows us to extract values for the interfacia...

The state of polarization of strongly focused, radially polarized electromagnetic fields is examined. It is found that several types of polarization singularities exist. Their relationship is investigated, and it is demonstrated that on smoothly varying a system parameter, such as the aperture angle of the lens, different polarization singularities can annihilate each other. For example, the ev...

We report on a giant Faraday effect in an electron plasma in n-InSb probed via polarization-resolved terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy. Polarization rotation angles and ellipticities reach as large as π/2 and 1, respectively, over a wide frequency range (0.3-2.5 THz) at magnetic fields of a few Tesla. The experimental results together with theoretical simulations show its promising abili...

We investigate the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) caused by hyperfine coupling between nonequilibrium electronic spins and nuclear spins in semiconductor nanostructures. We derive the time and position dependence of the resulting hyperfine and dipolar magnetic fields. In GaAs quantum wells the induced nuclear spin polarization greatly exceeds the polarization of the electronic system that c...