This paper explores the causes of domestic conflict over foreign policy in the context of a dynamic learning model. One state is composed of two political parties that are uncertain about how another state will respond to cooperative and confrontational policies. To resolve this uncertainty, they must implement policies and update on the basis of the observed outcome. While both parties have in...

The degree and the temporal evolution of linear polarization in the prompt and afterglow emission of gamma-ray bursts is a very robust diagnostic of some key features of gamma-ray bursts jets and their micro and macro physics. In this contribution, I review the current status of the theory of polarized emission from GRB jets during the prompt, optical flash, and afterglow emission. I compare th...

We analyse a voting model when voters have correlation neglect, that is, they sometimes fail to appreciate that new information might be correlated with old information. We show that compared with rational voters, a society composed of voters with correlation neglect is more likely to vote for the correct outcome, if the distribution of preferences in society is heterogeneous and suffi ciently ...

Natalia Korolkova, Gerd Leuchs, Rodney Loudon, Timothy C. Ralph, and Christine Silberhorn Lehrstuhl für Optik, Physikalisches Institut, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Essex University, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom Department of Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Austra...

Using the S1/2Fg = 2 −→ P3/2Fe = 3 transition in Rb, we analyzed the interaction between the arbitrarily polarized laser light and Zeeman sublevels in the Hanle configuration. We studied theoretically and confirmed experimentally that the effect of the laser light polarization on the electromagnetically induced absorption strongly depends on the laser light power. For the same atomic transition...

Linear polarization is a potentiodynamic method used for electrochemical characterization of materials. Obtained values of corrosion potential and corrosion current density offer information about material behavior in corrosion environments from the thermodynamic and kinetic points of view, respectively. The present study offers a comparison of applications of the linear polarization method (fr...

The nonlinear cross-polarization interaction among two intense counterpropagating beams in a span of lossless randomly birefringent telecom optical fiber may lead to the attraction an initially polarization scrambled signal towards wave with a well-defined state of polarization at the fiber output. By exploiting exact analytical solutions of the nonlinear polarization coupling process we carry ...

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in dual linear polarization antennas for various purposes, e.g. polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. A key design goal for dual polarization antennas is to obtain a high cross-polarization suppression. When using standard techniques for improving the cross-polarization suppression in dual linear polarization antenna arrays u...

Microphotonic structures that strongly confine light, such as photonic crystals and micron-sized resonators, have unique characteristics that could radically advance technology. However, such devices cannot be used in most applications because of their inherent polarization sensitivity; they respond differently to light polarized along different axes7–9. To take advantage of the distinctive pro...