This study describes an improved geometric articulatory model based on MRI and CBCT(Cone Beam Computer Tomography) data. The basic idea is to improve the coherence of the vertices of tongue meshes so as to obtain more accurate tongue model. This is conducted in two aspects: i) The representative vertices of tongue surface are depicted in Cartesian coordinate system rather than in a semi-polar g...

Correlative scanning electron, transmission electron, and light microscopy were utilized to study the morphogenic events occurring during mouse blastocyst outgrowth and early-egg-cylinder development in vitro. After hatching and attachment of blastocysts on the plastic surface, the blastocoelic cavity collapses as the mural trophoblasts spread and migrate outward. The inner cell mass is covered...

We begin with a lattice N isomorphic to Z. The dual lattice M of N is given by Hom(N,Z); it is also isomorphic to Z. (The alphabet may appear to be going backwards; but this notation is standard in the literature.) We write the pairing of v ∈ N and w ∈M as 〈v, w〉. A cone in N is a subset of the real vector space NR = N ⊗R generated by nonnegative R-linear combinations of a set of vectors {v1, ....

We call a positive semidefinite matrix whose elements are nonnegative a doubly nonnegative matrix, and the set of those matrices the doubly nonnegative cone (DNN cone). The DNN cone is not symmetric but can be represented as the projection of a symmetric cone embedded in a higher dimension. In [16], the authors demonstrated the efficiency of the DNN relaxation using the symmetric cone represent...

We describe an implementation of nonsymmetric interior-point methods for linear cone programs defined by two types of matrix cones: the cone of positive semidefinite matrices with a given chordal sparsity pattern and its dual cone, the cone of chordal sparse matrices that have a positive semidefinite completion. The implementation takes advantage of fast recursive algorithms for evaluating the ...

and Applied Analysis 3 0 in any metric linear spaces. Let X,Λ,M, Y be metric linear spaces. Let Y ∗ be the topological dual space of Y . Let C ⊂ Y be a pointed, closed, and convex cone with intC/ ∅, where intC denotes the interior of C. Let C∗ : {f ∈ Y ∗ : f y ≥ 0, for all y ∈ C} be the dual cone of C. Since intC/ ∅, the dual cone C∗ of C has a weak∗ compact base. Letting e ∈ intC be given, the...

Convexity and generalized convexity play a central role in mathematical economics, engineering, and optimization theory. Therefore, the research on convexity and generalized convexity is one of the most important aspects in mathematical programming (see [1–4, 6–11] and the references therein). Weir and Mond [7] and Weir and Jeyakumar [6] introduced the definition of preinvexity for the scalar f...

Let K be a closed convex pointed cone in a finite dimensional Hilbert space E. Assume K has a nonempty interior K◦. Let r = inf{〈x, y〉 : x, y ∈ K, ‖x‖ = ‖y‖ = 1}, where 〈·, ·〉 denotes the inner product and ‖ · ‖ the corresponding induced norm. The quantity r gives a measure of obtuseness of K and it necessarily lies in (−1, 1]. Let F be any θ-normal barrier forK◦. We prove that for each d ∈ K◦,...

A non-stationary polar gap model first proposed by Ruderman & Sutherland (1975) is modified and applied to spark–associated pulsar emission at radio wavelengths. It is argued that under physical and geometrical conditions prevailing above pulsar polar cap, highly non-stationary spark discharges do not occur at random positions. Instead, sparks should tend to operate in well determined preferred...