background : ticks are important vectors and reservoirs of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus. human beings may be infected whenever the normal life cycle of the infected ticks on non- human vertebrate hosts is interrupted by the undesirable presence of humans in the cycle. a total of 26 species of argasid and ixodid ticks have been recorded in iran; including nine hyalomma, two rhipi...

ba ckground: mosquitoes are well known as vectors of several disease causing pathogens. the extensive use of synthetic insecticides in the mosquito control strategies resulted to the development of pesticide resistance and fos- tered environmental deterioration. hence in recent years plants become alternative source of mosquito control agents. the present study assessed the larvicidal and ovipo...

background and aims: newcastle disease virus (ndv) is one of the major pathogen in poultry. vaccination is intended to control the disease as an effective solution nevertheless this virus is a growing threat to the poultry industry. f gene open reading frame (orf) from ndv is 1650 bp, encoding a protein of 553 amino acids that can induce protective immunity alone. the f glycoprotein on the surf...

background: water is considered as the main source of life but water resources are limited and nonrenewable. different factors have caused groundwater to decrease. therefore, modeling and predicting groundwater level is of great importance. methods: monthly groundwater level data of about 20 years (october 1991 to february 2012) from the hamadan-bahar plain, west of iran were used based on peiz...

in this paper, using clarke’s generalized directional derivative and di-invexity we introduce new concepts of nonsmooth k-α-di-invex and generalized type i univex functions over cones for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem with cone constraints. we obtain some sufficient optimality conditions and mond-weir type duality results under the foresaid generalized invexity and type i cone-univexi...

mucosal surfaces of the body provide a universal entry portal for all known and emerging infectious pathogenic microbes. therefore, it seems that special vaccination strategies are needed for vaccines that can hinder the entry capability of pathogenic microbes through the mucosal surfaces. lactic acid bacteria are widely used in the food industry and are presently applied as delivery vehicles i...

objectives : this study sought to assess the effect of low-level laser (lll) on pain and trismus after impacted mandibular third molar surgery. materials and methods : this double blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 40 healthy patients with no underlying disease and impacted mesioangular mandibular third molars with the same level of difficulty. the patients were divided into two g...

in addition to graft clarity, an acceptable refractive error is essential to consider a corneal transplant successful. the most common complication of penetrating keratoplasty (pk) is postkeratoplasty astigmatism which can result in decreased visual acuity, anisometropia, and mono-ocular diplopia. these complications can cause patient dissatisfaction, in spite of a successful transplant. intrao...

in this paper, we present a new brain tissue segmentation method based on a hybrid hierarchical approach that combines a brain atlas as a priori information and a least-square support vector machine (ls-svm). the method consists of three steps. in the first two steps, the skull is removed and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) is extracted. these two steps are performed using the fast toolbox (fmrib's a...

In this work, we propose a simple method for obtaining the algebraic solution of a complex interval linear system where coefficient matrix is a complex matrix and the right-hand-side vector is a complex interval vector. We first use a complex interval version of the Doolittle decomposition method and then we restrict the Doolittle's solution, by complex limiting factors, to achieve a complex in...