The gene-for-gene hypothesis states that for each gene controlling resistance in the host, there is a corresponding, specific gene controlling avirulence in the pathogen. Allelic series of the cereal mildew resistance genes Pm3 and Mla provide an excellent system for genetic and molecular analysis of resistance specificity. Despite this opportunity for molecular research, avirulence genes in mi...

The dengue virus (DENV) is the causative agent of the viral infection dengue fever. In spite of all the efforts made to prevent the spread of the disease, once it is contracted, there is no specific treatment for dengue and the WHO guidelines are limited to rest and symptomatic treatment. In its reproductive cycle, DENV utilizes the NS2B-NS3pro, a serine protease, to cleave the viral polyprotei...

The intermolecular forces between anti–cancer molecules such as Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin, Nedaplatin, Lobaplatin, Heptaplatin, Dicycloplatin, Eleutherobin, Epothilone B, Discodermolide and Taxol (Figures 1 and 2) and tumor multiple organs or tissues are of great importance in many areas of science including medicine, chemotherapy, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical che...

The molecular orbital calculations have been carried out to investigate the structure and stability of (E) / (Z) isomers of some azobenzene derivatives containing maleimide groups. A special attention has been devoted to the compound (E)-1, (E)-1-(4-(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, for which the available crystallographic experimental data have been used to validate the modeling st...

Recently we cloned and characterized the gene for the wheat transcription factor TaWRKY45 and showed that TaWRKY45 was upregulated in response to benzothiadiazole (BTH) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) and that its overexpression conferred enhanced resistance against F. graminearum. To characterize the functional role of TaWRKY45 in the disease resistance of wheat, in the present study we conduct...

β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) dimers have been prepared using the bioorthogonal Staudinger ligation for the first time. In addition to a known linker, methyl 2-(diphenylphosphanyl)terephthalate, a doubly active linker was specifically developed that enabled connection of two β-CD units in a single step and in aqueous/organic media, under mild conditions and with good yields. A three-carbon spacer betwe...

Background The accuracy of ligand-protein docking may be affected by the presence of water molecules on the surface of proteins. Water can form complex bridging networks and can play a critical role in dictating the binding mode of ligands. A recent analysis of high-resolution crystal structures of ligand-protein complexes revealed that 85% of the complexes had one or more water molecules bridg...

OBJECTIVE The effect on the marginal peri-implant tissues following repeated platform switching abutment removal and subsequent reconnection was studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six adult female Beagle dogs were selected, and Pm3 and Pm4 teeth, both left and right sides, were extracted and the sites healed for 3 months. At this time, 24 bone level (BL) (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) Ø 3.3/8 mm ...

A escolha das espécies para a recuperação de áreas degradadas em matas ciliares é suma importância. Para tanto, deve se levar consideração aspectos como plasticidade da espécie relação aos diferentes ambientes e disponibilidade mudas por grandes períodos. Dessa maneira, clonagem vem encontro esses aspectos, podendo ser solução na produção qualidade durante o ano todo. Sendo assim, objetivo dest...