sowing date and irrigation are two constrain factors for maize production. these factors can be simulated by using ceres-maize model. for this purpose two experiments (each one at two years) were carried out at agricultural research station of gorgan which is golestan province capital. the model was calibrated using three treatments of optimum irrigation and without stress in 2012 and two treat...

Morphological quality of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seedlings largely dictates their capacity to establish well in plantations and their performance potential for use as rootstocks in grafting. Larger seedlings and rootstocks, attained from propagation at relatively low nursery sowing densities, have comparatively more expansive root systems for exploitation of soil resources and greater n...

In this study, performed in the western part of the state of Paraná, Brazil, two self-fertile hybrid commercial rapeseed genotypes were evaluated for yield components and physiological quality using three pollination tests and spanning two sowing dates. The treatments consisted of combinations of two rapeseed genotypes (Hyola 61 and Hyola 433), three pollination tests (uncovered area, covered a...

During the past decades, agro-biodiversity has markedly declined and some species are close to extinction in large parts of Europe. Reintroduction of rare arable plant species in suitable habitats could counteract this negative trend. The study investigates optimal sowing rates of three endangered species (Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix, Consolida regalis Gray, and Lithospermum arvense L....

The cultivation of genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis toxin-expressing (Bt) maize continues to increase worldwide, yet the effects of Bt crops on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil are poorly understood. In this field experiment, we investigated the impact of seven different genotypes of Bt maize and five corresponding non-Bt parental cultivars on AMF and evaluated plant grow...

Benzyladenine (BA) treatment was found to induce chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) synthesis after it had stopped in primary leaves of light-grown intact bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The leaves were treated with BA from 7 days after sowing. Chloroplasts were isolated and the ctDNA content per chloroplast was determined. Chloroplast division occurred until 13 days after sowing in untreated leaves....

In present investigation, the seeds of Helianthus annuus L. variety Modern were treated with nine different concentrations (0.05%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50%, 1.75% and 2.00%) of caffeine to raise the M1 generation and the effect of caffeine on seedling height on 30 th day of sowing, mature plant height, days to maturity and yield parameters was observed. Generally, the lower dose...

sowing date and plant density are important factors in grain yield of cow pea. in order to study effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components of cow pea, an experiment was conducted in research farm of ramin university of agricultural and natural resources in 2008. the experimental design was split plots in randomized complete design with four replications. the experime...

the dragon's head(lallemantia iberica f. & c. m.) can be introduced as a new oilseed crop to cold rainfed areas because of its unique characteristics. the field trial was carried in a split-plot factorial in a randomized complete block design (rcbd) with three replications in dryland agricultural research institute (dari) in 2010-11. the treatments included three landraces of dragon’s head...