In this thesis, companies using returnable plastic packaging are investigated from a green logistics’ perspective, focusing on the washing process performed after they are used. Returnable plastic boxes used to carry components are, in some cases, washed systematically to secure customer requirements. The purpose of this master thesis is to describe existing flows of returnable plastic boxes by...

Plastic extrusion has been a challenging process for many manufacturers and researchers to produce products meeting requirements at the lowest cost. Faced with global competition in plastic-products industry, using the trial-anderror approach to determine the process parameters for plastic extrusion is no longer good enough. During production, quality characteristics may deviate due to drifting...

Metal sheet anisotropy is the directional dependence of mechanical properties. It key factor that must be considered when using numerical simulation to predict any manufacturing process involves plastic deformation. The strain ratio, also known as Lankford coefficients or R values, together with forming limit curves (FLC), are industry standards for assessing formability metals. Complete experi...

A demand for cheap and simple methods of processing nanocrystalline materials attracted attention to metal forming techniques allowing introduction large strains into metallic materials. Thanks that a new scientific field, “Materials by severe plastic deformation”, had been born became an important segment material science. High pressure torsion (HPT) is the most effective SPD method in respect...

Hot-melt extrusion is one of the most widely applied processing technologies in the plastic, rubber and food industry. Today this technology has found its place in the array of pharmaceutical manufacturing operations. Melt extrusion process are currently applied in the pharmaceutical field for the manufacture of a variety of dosage forms and formulations such as granules, pellets, tablets, supp...

Thermoforming is a well-known manufacturing process in the productions of various plastic household and industrial solutions. The heating of a plastic sheet allows the plastic to soften and within its forming window temperature the sheet can replicate a required shape when pressed against a mould. Hence, the heating process is an important thermoforming stage that determine uniformity of the ma...

We employ x-ray scattering on sheared colloidal suspensions and mode coupling theory to study structure factor distortions of glass-forming systems under shear. We find a transition from quadrupolar elastic distortion at small strains to quadrupolar and hexadecupolar modes in the stationary state. The latter are interpreted as signatures of plastic rearrangements in homogeneous, thermalized sys...