We consider implementation issues regarding two mechanisms that have been used to increase voter turnout in elections: fines and lotteries. We focus on the amount of the fine or lottery prize needed to achieve full participation. We then propose a combined, self-financing mechanism by which the fines imposed on non-participants are used to finance the prize that is awarded by lottery to one of ...

BACKGROUND A large proportion of the plastic surgery literature is dedicated to the breast. It is one of the most common topics in our specialty, yet it is unclear which articles have been the most influential. The purpose of this study was to identify the top 100 most-cited articles on breast in the plastic surgery literature and examine the characteristics of each individual article. METHOD...

A by-product of the construction aggregate industry is fines or dust that contain trace elements such as zinc and copper and significant amounts of iron, aluminum, silica and potassium. Beneficial uses for these materials have been proposed such as replenishing depleted soils and amendment in mixtures of organic byproducts prior to composting. To evaluate the beneficial uses in composting, outd...

Studies of matrix in primitive chondrites provide our only detailed information about the fine fraction (diameter <2 μm) of solids in the solar nebula. A minor fraction of the fines, the presolar grains, offers information about the kinds of materials present in the molecular cloud that spawned the Solar System. Although some researchers have argued that chondritic matrix is relatively unaltere...

This paper examines the use of tines and imprisonment to deter individuals from engaging in harmful activities. These sanctions are analyzed separately as well as together, first for identical risk-neutral individuals and then for two groups of risk-neutral individuals who differ by wealth. When fines are used alone and individuals are identical, the optimal tine and probability of apprehension...

New Hugoniot and release adiabat data for 1.8 g/cm3 lunar fines (sample, 70051) in the N 2 to 70 kbar range demonstrate that upon shock compression intrinsic crystal density (. 3.1 g/cm3) is achieved under shock stress of 15 to 20 kbar. Release adiabat determinatioc;s indicate that measurable irreversible compaction occurs upon achieving shock pressures above . k kbar. For shocks in the r y 7 t...

A company produces 1000 metal cylinders a day for 10 days. The government Safety Authority will take a random sample of cylinders, take a random sample of locations within each of these cylinders, and test for percentage Nickel (Ni) and percentage Chromium (Cr). For each sample in which the percentages are outside some intervals, they fine the company e1,000,000. If the proportion of percentage...

Companhia Brasileira de Alumínio (CBA) has bauxite processing plants at Poços de Caldas and Itamarati de Minas, and a new processing plant at Miraí that has been operating since June, 2008; all of them are in the State of Minas Gerais. The plants haveunits for the crushing, scrubbing and screening operations. The screened oversize is the concentrate or washed bauxite. At Itamarati de Minas, the...

R.L Reynolds' , M . Reheis, J. Yount, P. Lamothe US Geologicol Survey. MS 980, P.O. Box 15046, Den~er. CO 80215, USA Received 14 January 2005; received in revised form 17 May 2005; a~~epted 1 June 200S Available online 20 December 2005 The recognition and characterization of aeolian dust in soi l contribute 10 a better understanding of landscape and ecosystem dynamics or dryJands. Results of th...