Turbulence is ubiquitous in the solar wind. Turbulence causes kinetic and magnetic energy to cascade to small scales where they are eventually dissipated, adding heat to the plasma. The details of how this occurs are not well understood. This article reviews the evidence for turbulent dissipation and examines various diagnostics for identifying solar wind regions where dissipation is occurring....

The controlled production of thermo-nuclear fusion energy is critical for providing an alternative, environmentally friendly, and renewable energy source on our planet. The technical challenge is to stabilize the dynamic turbulent flow of hot plasma in magnetic fields in a fusion energy reactor. More specifically, the issue is how to control fusion plasma instabilities, or turbulence–an analogy...

Theoretical treatments of turbulence in fluids and plasmas often assume that the turbulence is isotropic and homogeneous. It is also often considered that turbulence produces uniformly distributed chaos, even when starting with a coherent initial con­ dition. Recently, however, phenomena which do not obey these classic concepts have emerged. For example, in two-dimen­ sional Navier-Stokes turbu...

Experimentally observed anisotropic ion heating in helicon plasma sources may result from the interaction of ions with ion-sound turbulence. The ion-sound turbulence develops due to excitation of the short scale, kinetic, parametric ion-sound instability. From the quasilinear equation for the ion distribution function, which includes the induced scattering of ion-sound waves by ions, the turbul...

The paper proposes a method to measure poloidal rotation velocity of toroidal plasma vpol using Heavy Ion Beam Probe (HIBP) with a multi-slit energy analyzer. The method is based on calculation of phase shift between broadband density turbulence measured simultaneously in two sample volumes, located at the same magnetic surface but separated poloidally. Oscillatory component of HIBP beam curren...

Low frequency electromagnetic turbulence is generated in relativistically outflowing plasma that sweeps up particles from the surrounding environment. Electrons are energized by stochastic gyroresonant acceleration with the turbulence produced by the isotropization of captured protons and charged dust. Protons are accelerated stochastically by the dust induced turbulence. Analytical solutions f...