Leaching of fluoride from fly ash has been studied at different ash/water ratios and temperatures and also over a broad range of pH. The efficiency of leaching was only slightly dependent on the ash/water ratio, thus revealing a solubilitycontrolled mechanism of the process. The efficiency was also independent of the temperature over the range 20 90°C.

Most applications of coal fly ash, such as concrete, structural fill, and waste stabilization, use fresh fly ash received directly from coal fired power generation plants. However, if the current rate of usage continues, the demand for fresh coal fly ash for various applications will increase and utilization of coal fly ash disposed in landfills will have to be considered. This study investigat...

A preliminary in vitro acid neutralizing capacity test of twelve traditional Ayurvedic antacids were performed in this study. Five traditional preparations of ash of conch shell, ash of oyster, ash of pearl, limestone, and ash of cowrie showed high acid neutralizing capacity similar to standard antacid combination of Al(OH) 3 and Mg(OH) 2 . Among these the ash of conch shell found the highest a...

Food cravings, aversions and pica are common during pregnancy and may have a significant input on pregnancy progress and outcome. A study was carried out to determine the frequency and duration of pronounced dietary cravings, aversions and pica during pregnancy among 204 pregnant and lactating women attending two health facilities in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. Nausea and vomiting were report...

We studied the host selection behavior and feeding preference of the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). A. planipennis is an exotic forest insect pest native to Asia that was discovered in North America in 2002 and is causing widespread mortality of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in southeast Michigan and surrounding states. We compared host selection and fee...

Allergenic pollen is produced by the flowers of a number of trees, grasses and weeds found throughout the UK. Exposure to such pollen grains can exacerbate pollen-related asthma and allergenic conditions such as allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Maps showing the location of these allergenic taxa have many applications: they can be used to provide advice on risk assessments; combined with health da...

Solid fuels, including biomass, consist of combustible, ash and water. Ash in fuel is result of reaction of minerals presented in the biomass. Minerals and other different substances which form ash got into biomass during growth. Ash is solid residue resulted from the perfect laboratory combustion of fuel. It is composed of minerals that are present in the fuel. Some species of biomass ash have...

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of blended ash mixture on mechanical properties of concrete. In this study two reference mixtures were used. One of the mixtures was a no-fly ash mixture, and the other mixture contained 35% unblended Class C fly ash. Additional mixtures were composed of three blends of Class C and Class F fly ash while maintaining a total fly ash content of 40...