The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) possesses an active trapping mechanism to capture insects with one of the most rapid movements in the plant kingdom, as described by Darwin. This article presents a detailed experimental investigation of trap closure by mechanical and electrical stimuli and the mechanism of this process. Trap closure consists of three distinctive phases: a silent phase with...

Future global warming has a number of implications for fluvial geomorphology because of changes in such phenomena as rates of evapotranspiration, precipitation characteristics, plant distributions, plant stomatal closure, sea levels, glacier and permafrost melting, and human responses. Potential changes in rivers are outlined in this review in the context of changes in the intensity of rainfall...

Heterotrimeric G proteins have been shown to transmit ultraviolet B (UV-B) signals in mammalian cells, but whether they alsotransmit UV-B signals in plant cells is not clear. In this paper, we report that 0.5 Wm22 UVB induces stomatal closure inArabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana) by eliciting a cascade of intracellular signaling events including Gaprotein, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxi...

background: there is some evidence indicating improvement in myocardial performance after atrial septal defect closure, either device closure or surgical, but ventricular dyssynchrony has not been evaluated before and after surgical closure. the aim of this study was to evaluate ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with atrial septal defect before and after surgical closure. methods:...

purpose: to evaluate the effect of phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (pciol) implantation on intraocular pressure (iop) in eyes with chronic angle-closure glaucoma. methods: twenty-two patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (cacg) and visually significant cataract were included in our study. all were underwent phacoemulsification and pciol implantation. iop, depth...

BACKGROUND Stomatal guard cells monitor and respond to environmental and endogenous signals such that the stomatal aperture is continually optimised for water use efficiency. A key signalling molecule produced in guard cells in response to plant hormones, light, carbon dioxide and pathogen-derived signals is hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The mechanisms by which H(2)O(2) integrates multiple sign...

In this paper we will generalize  some of known results on the tight closure of an ideal to the tight closure of an ideal relative to a module .

A sensitive bilobed stigma is thought to assure reproduction, avoid selfing and promote outcrossing. In addition, it may also play a role in pollinator selection since only pollinators with the appropriate body size can trigger this mechanism. However, no experimental study has investigated how the sensitive stigma responds to different pollinators and its potential effects on pollination. Mazu...