Shear wall is one of the most commonly used lateral load resisting in high rise building. Shear wall has high in plane stiffness and strength which can be used to simultaneously resist large horizontal load and support gravity load. The objective of the present study is to study the behavior of building frame in the lateral load analysis of shear wall-frame structures; a fundamental goal is to ...

Lead Zirconate Titanate, PZT, layered into a composite with different materials, produces pre-stressed, curved, devices capable of enhanced displacement. This study focuses on Thunder and Lipca which are built using different combinations of constituent materials. Thunder devices consist of layers of aluminum, PZT, and stainless steel bonded with a hot-melt adhesive. Lipca devices consist of ca...

This paper considers the problem of shear building damage estimation subject to earthquake ground excitation using the Kalman filtering approach. The structural damage is assumed to take the form of reduced elemental stiffness. Two damage estimation algorithms are proposed: one is the multiple model approach via the optimal two-stage Kalman estimator (OTSKE), and the other is the robust two-sta...

We present a set of explicit conditions, involving the components of the elastic stiffness tensor, which are necessary and sufficient to ensure the strong ellipticity of an orthorhombic incompressible medium. The derivation is based on the procedure developed by Zee and Sternberg (Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 83 (1983)) and, consequently, is also applicable to the case of the homogeneously pre-stress...

In geotechnical engineering, direct simple shear (DSS) tests are used to determine strength and stiffness parameters of a material. DSS predictions constitutive model influence failure mechanisms in plane-strain, finite-element applications. this article, we introduce closed-form solution the Matsuoka–Nakai equivalent critical friction angle from stress normal data. order apply it clay hypoplas...

Advanced radiation techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for complex geometries in which targets are close to organs at risk have been introduced in radiation therapy, creating a need for procedures that allow easy three-dimensional (3-D) measurement of dose for verification purposes. Polymer gels that change their material properties when irradiated have been suggested for...

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has rapidly gained widespread utilization as an imaging device and micro/nano-manipulator during recent years. This thesis investigates the new concept of a dual stiffness scanning probe with respect to biological applications and determines the resulting requirements for the scanning of soft bio samples, such as lowpressure contact. On this basis, an in-plane AFM ...

Single-layer special-shaped folded-plane latticed shell had been applied in Shenyang culture and art center. In order to analysis its static stability, explore the form of buckling modes find out critical load factor, this paper optimized structure with MIDAS Gen. Eigenvalue nonlinear showed that in-plane stiffness is very large, out-plane small, upside prone instability. The factor for 10.32, ...

In recent years, ultrasonic methods have been developed that can be used to measure the mechanical stiffness of materials.1-5 In one such method, the velocity of a flexural plate wave, the lowest order antisymmetric Lamb mode, is measured as a function of frequency. Lamb waves arise from a coupling at the free boundaries between the shear waves and compressional waves in a plate structure.6 The...