The main advantage of pole placement technique is that it places all the poles at desired location using state feedback gain matrix. Using feedback, the poles of the system can be shifted so we can shape the closed loop characteristics of system to meet the design requirement. Even though pole placement method can give the desired characteristic but it does not guarantee a robust system. So con...

BACKGROUND Epidural anesthesia is widely used to provide pain relief, whether for surgical anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, treatment of chronic pain, or to facilitate painless childbirth. In many cases, however, the epidural catheter is inserted blindly and the indwelling catheter position is almost always uncertain. METHODS In this study, the loss-of-resistance technique was used and an...

Communication placement analysis is an important step in the compilation of data-parallel programs. However, to simplify the placement analysis, previous techniques ignored most machine-dependent resource constraints. This paper demonstrates the necessity of incorporating resource constraints in ensuring the correctness of the communication placement. It presents a new placement analysis techni...

OBJECT Several techniques for the surgical stabilization of the atlas and the axis have been described. Placement of C-1 lateral mass screws is one of the latest technical advances, and has gained popularity due to its efficacy and biomechanical advantages. However, the technique for placement of C-1 lateral mass screws, as first described by Harms, can cause excessive bleeding or irritation of...

In the physical designing of the chip, placement is one of the most important steps in the design flow. As the feature size is reducing timing driven placement (TDP) seems to be more promising technique, proper estimation of delay value plays a vital role in deriving the optimized placement results in such technique. In this paper we, bring out the different cell delay estimation method ranging...

Percutaneous iliosacral screw placement is a standard stabilisation technique for pelvic fractures. It is a demanding operative technique. Various methods of guidance are currently available. We present a quick and simple fluoroscopy-guided technique using a radiolucent drive designed for distal locking of intramedullary nails. From January 2008 to December 2009, 27 screws were inserted using t...

modern integrated circuits consist of millions of standard cells and routing paths. in nano-scale designs, mis-prediction is a dominant problem that may diminish the quality of physical design algorithms or even result in the disruption of the convergence of the design cycle. in this paper, a new planning methodology is presented in which a master-plan of the chip is constructed at the early le...

It is difficult to take intraoral radiographs in some patients who are intolerable to place the film in their mouth. For these patients, Newman and Friedman recommended a new technique of extraoral film placement. Here we report various cases that diagnostic imaging was performed in patients using the extraoral periapical technique. This technique was used to obtain the radiographs for the pati...

In this paper, we propose an optimization technique that can be used to optimize the placements of reference nodes and improve the location determination performance for the multi-floor building. The proposed technique is based on Simulated Annealing algorithm (SA) and is called MSMR-M. The performance study in this work is based on simulation. We compare other node-placement techniques found i...

We present a new technique for visually comparing placement results through component coloring using partitioning and the Fiedler eigenvector. By coloring a placement result, we can quickly get insights on how to improve a placement tool and understand what matters and what does not to the placement quality. As a side effect, our coloring scheme may generate beautiful images, making this paper ...