The determination of the Ultimate Pit Limit (UPL) is the first step in the open pit mine planning process. In this stage that parts of the mineral deposit that are economic to mine are determined. There are several mathematical, heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms to determine UPL. The optimization criterion in these algorithms is maximization of the total profit whilst satisfying...

in the past, rock slope stability analysis were performed either graphically or using a hand-held calculator, but nowadays there are variety of slope stability analysis which can be used according to the field condition and potential failure mode. in 2-d analysis, effect of convex and concave walls are neglected, however concave slopes are believed to be more stable than straight walls due to t...

With the rapid development of urban rail transit and underground space development, occurrence excavation near existing tunnels is becoming more common. This unloading will inevitably cause soil deformation outside pit tunnel buried therein. paper presents an investigation into entire process effects on adjacent subway structure under complex construction environments, including soft foundation...

theoretical review of ‘mining pit lakes’ indicates that like natural lakes such lakes display a huge diversity. they are typically in a non-equilibrium state with respect to their surroundings. hence, at the decommissioning phase of mining operation a detailed technical study are required on different aspects of such created water bodies considering its morphometry, geology, hydrology, water qu...

Planning and design procedure of an open pit mining project just can be started after ultimate pit determination. In the carried out study in this paper it was shown that the most important factor in ultimate pit determination and in consequence in the whole planning and design procedure of an open pit mine is the metal price. Metal price fluctuations in recent years were exaggerated and impose...

In this paper, mining techniques of uranium were investigated. Basically three type are applied. Basic underground mining, open pit or surface and in-situ leaching methods. Each them has several advantages disadvantages to the other. Specifications each technique was evaluated in study. Uranium mine wastes present most significant waste management problem because their large volume radioactivit...

uring meiosis I, some mechanism must allow homologous chromosomes to separate while keeping sister chromatids paired until meiosis II. How does a cell make this distinction? On page 219, Rogers et al. propose that in C. elegans the aurora-B kinase AIR-2 is largely responsible for ensuring that cohesion between chromosomes breaks down at the proper place and time. The authors also identified add...

the study area is located in the south of kerman province and in the esphandoghe- dolatabad zone. numerous chromite ores were found in the area that has been explored by surface outcrops. with respect to the previous exploration- exploitation works and the absence of the pilot layer, the best option was the boreholes’ drilling was the best choice in order to complete the detailed information. f...

OBJECTIVE Elevated serum phosphate has emerged as a major risk factor for vascular calcification. The sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, PiT-1, was previously shown to be required for phosphate-induced osteogenic differentiation and calcification of cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but its importance in vascular calcification in vivo and the potential role of its homo...