The purpose of this study is to analyse the transport and stirring of fluid that occurs owing to the formation and growth of a laminar vortex ring. Experimental data was collected upstream and downstream of the exit plane of a piston–cylinder apparatus by particle-image velocimetry. This data was used to compute Lagrangian coherent structures to demonstrate how fluid is advected during the tran...

The widespread use of biodiesel in internal combustion engines promotes frequent lubricant drain intervals which in turn affects lubricant sustainability and engine performance. In this research two endurance tests were carried out to evaluate the novel approach of strong base oil filter with palm biodiesel (PME) fueled single-cylinder diesel engine. The effects of strong base filter on lubrica...

The gas force due to the combustion in the cylinder of an IC engine will cause the piston to move with primary motion and secondary motion. The primary motion of the piston from TDC to BDC is linear in nature. This motion is desired for translation of motion of engine components. Secondary motion is due to the transverse motion of the piston while piston moving from TDC to BDC and vice-versa. T...