A pressure-dependent velocity boundary condition is developed based on wear theory for modeling self-reacting friction stir welding using computational fluid dynamics approach, which provides a new perspective in understanding the physics of sliding/sticking transition condition. The importance shear layer weld formation emphasized. Effects speed cross-section geometry can be robustly captured ...

The dissimilar aluminum alloys of 5083 and 6061 were friction stir welded via T-lap configuration. impact the tool offsets moving velocity on interface geometry bonding strength joints was investigated. experimental results showed that morphology sensitive to both welding rates. hook defects easily formed at low rate 150 mm/min. kissing bonds ineliminable by offset speed. joint improved due off...

We have recently demonstrated the viability of silicon microarray pins, taking advantage of lithographic and batch processing of silicon micromachining in comparison with conventional and serial processing currently used for commercial pins. The reduced spot size (< 50% in diameter, i.e., > 4X in array density), however, made such undesirable needs as preprinting more pronounced. Preprinting, a...

OBJECTIVE To assess the magnitude and causes of over-diagnosis of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), as large differences are reported in the incidence of high-grade PIN, probably because of the variance in diagnosis and interpretation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two urological pathologists prospectively reviewed 251 consecutive patients, received in consultation and who were diagnosed and ...

Plant development displays an exceptional plasticity and adaptability that involves the dynamic, asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin. Polar auxin flow, which requires polarly localized transport facilitators of the PIN family, largely contributes to the establishment and maintenance of the auxin gradients. Functionally overlapping action of PIN proteins mediates multiple developme...

Pin structures on vector bundles are the natural generalization of Spin structures to the case of nonoriented bundles. Spin(n) is the central Z/2Z extension (or double cover) of SO(n) and Pin−(n) and Pin(n) are two different central extensions of O(n), although they are topologically the same. The obstruction to putting a Spin structure on a bundle ξ (= R → E → B) is w2(ξ) H(B;Z/2Z); for Pin it...

40 is a near branch, an analogous argument again shows that Pin(b) is q's lower-right quadrant. Thus, q is the closest connection between p, Pin(a) and Pin(b). Except for redundancies and pruning of sub-optimal trees, BB-SORT-C searches over all possible ways to construct a Steiner tree sequentially, such that each sink is added by a closest connection to some edge in the current tree. Thus, we...