Multicentre randomised trials are complex projects with many operational uncertainties. The embedding of a formal check upon study progress and viability at a pre-specified time point (sometimes referred to as an 'internal pilot') is becoming increasingly common within multicentre pragmatic randomised trials. However, it is worth considering this practice. We argue that most, if not all, multic...

The Scottish Vowel Length Rule (SVLR) – formerly ‘Aitken’s Law’ [1, 5, 6] – is a contextconditioned vowel length alternation that in Scottish and Northern Irish varieties of English coexists with the so-called Voicing Effect (VE, or ‘pre-fortis clipping’) [3]. It is known that SVLRlike alternations occur in varieties of English spoken in northern England close to the Scottish border [1, 4, 8], ...

FACULTY AND STUDENT PERCEPTIONS ON THE INTRODUCTION OF OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION IN AN UNDERGRADUATE PHYSIOTHERAPY COURSE: A PILOT STUDY Mullai Dhinakaran *1, Jugesh Chattwal 2, Dheeraj K.V 3. *1 Associate Professor, College of Physiotherapy, CMC & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. 2 Professor, Head of the Department, Department of Paediatrics, CMC & Hospital, Ludhiana, India. ...

The City of San Diego (City) operates the Point Loma Wastewater Treatment Plant (PLWTP) which can normally treat up to 240 million gallons per day (MGD) of chemically enhanced primary treated (CEPT) effluent for ocean disposal. The City wanted to understand the performance capabilities of Biological Aerated Filters (BAFs) in treating CEPT effluent to secondary standards. To this end, the City c...