After an outbreak of meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis W135, associated with the Hajj pilgrimage in 2001, 15% of returning vaccinated pilgrims carried a single W135 clone, and 55% were still carriers 6 months later. Transmission to 8% of their unvaccinated household contacts occurred within the first few weeks, but no late transmission took place. Public health intervention...

Pilgrimage studies are frequently characterised as involving collective relationships, such as solidarity or contestation regarding discourses and attitudes, rather than travellers encountering "frivolous" things on the road. However, this paper argues that there are some similar performative actions in pilgrims' diverse walking practices on the road to Santiago de Compostela. It traces the man...

BACKGROUND/AIM The annual Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, which attracts more than 3 million Muslim pilgrims from around the world, has played a role in the global spread of meningococcal infection. We aimed to compare pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in Hajj pilgrims before departure and after returning to Iran, Zahedan. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective and cross-sectional study...

Recent scholarship has challenged the still-powerful claim that long-distance pilgrimage and journey to Jerusalem dramatically declined in number significance sixteenth century. This article seeks explore different ways which was embedded culture of period. We interpret as a field shared cross-confessional practices, representational conventions, contestation. The paper presents series interlin...

This is an open access book. book explores the solo pilgrimage of author and his findings in creating better workplace innovation