Melasma is a common chronic relapsing pigmentary disorder primarily affecting women. It highly prevalent in the Indian skin type with large psychological impact. Treatment challenging no cure available yet. Even so, treatment modalities are many and varied-each promising more than last. We analyzed understanding of photoprotection, topical oral treatments, procedures such as microneedling, lase...

We use all the available new precise data for deep inelastic and related hard scattering processes to perform NLO global parton analyses. These new data allow an improved determination of partons and, in particular, the inclusion of the recent measurements of the structure functions at HERA and of the inclusive jets at the Tevatron help to determine the gluon distribution and α S better than ev...

This article focuses on developments in pigmentary disorders that extend dermatologists' understanding of the field. Areas that are reviewed include the basic biochemistry, pharmacology, and physiology of the melanocortin system; melanosome development; genetic diseases associated with pigmentary disorders; pigmentary disorders secondary to systemic disease; drug-induced hyperpigmentation; envi...

Melasma (or chloasma) is a common disorder of cutaneous hyperpigmentation predominantly affecting sun-exposed areas in women. The pathogenesis of melasma is not fully understood and treatments are frequently disappointing and often associated with side effects. Pycnogenol is a standardized extract of the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), a well-known, potent antioxidant. Studie...

Pigmentary glaucoma (PG) is considered as an entity within the spectrum of secondary open angle glaucomas. The condition usually starts in the third or fourth decades of life with disruption of the iris pigment epithelium. The released pigment granules deposit on anterior segment structures such as the corneal endothelium, trabecular meshwork and lens/zonules. This stage is known as primary pig...